Thyroid sarcoidosis: a rare entity in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

Summary: We present two cases of thyroid sarcoidosis that were misdiagnosed as thyroid cancer. In the first patient, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAc) of a suspicious thyroid nodule indicated the presence of papillary thyroid cancer, and the patient underwent thyroid surgery. However, histopathology identified a sarcoid granuloma, without any sign of malignancy.

Intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma mimicking thyroid cancer.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the most common cause of hypercalcemia; patients are usually asymptomatic and the cause in 80-85% of cases is a single parathyroid adenoma (PA). Parathyroid adenomas arise from clonal expansion of tumor cells and may be located either posteriorly to the thyroid lobes or in ectopic sites. The incidence of intrathyroidal PAs varies from 1% to 6% and although uncommon, they pose certain diagnostic difficulties which may complicate treatment.

PAK1 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer: Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognostic Significance.

Background: Improvement of the management of pancreatic cancer requires a better understanding of the genetic and molecular changes responsible for the development of the disease. The family of p21-activated kinases (PAKs) and especially PAK1 appears to mediate many cellular processes that contribute to the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, but the clinical relevance of PAK1 expression with the disease still remains unclear. Aim of the study was to assess the clinical value and the potential prognostic significance of PAK1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) arising from angiosarcoma: a rare case report.

Purpose: An extremely rare case of divergent differentiation of a cutaneous angiosarcoma to a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is presented.

Methods: A 62-year-old male patient presented with an angiosarcoma of the left buccal region, which was excised with wide surgical margins. Four months after the operation, the tumor recurred locally as a MPNST.

The Immunohistochemical Expression MTA 1 Protein and its Prognostic Value in Pancreatic Cancer.

Unlabelled: Purpose/aim: To examine with immunohistochemical assay MTA1 protein expression levels in pancreatic cancer tissues defining its prognostic value.

Material And Methods: The specimens derived from 51 patients who underwent surgery. The levels of MTA1 protein were compared with the age of the patients, their survival, and prognosis.

Co-expression of galectin-3 and CRIP-1 in endometrial cancer: prognostic value and patient survival.

Endometrial cancer is the sixth most common cancer in women. Galectin-3 (GAL-3) and CRIP-1 are multifunctional proteins which seem to be involved in many neoplasias. This study aims to point out correlations between clinicopathological findings and endometrial cancer patient survival to GAL-3 and CRIP-1 expression in order to enfold their diagnostic/prognostic potential.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuropeptides and receptor in human breast cancer: correlation to poor prognosis parameters.

Expression of the two gonadotropin-releasing hormone homologue peptides GnRHI and GnRHII and their receptor GnRHR has been demonstrated in a number of malignancies. In hormone-dependent breast cancer, GnRH analogs are used for therapy in premenopausal women. Gene expression of GnRHI, II and R was studied in breast biopsies from primary breast adenocarcinoma obtained from the tumor and the adjacent benign tissue.

The Immunocytochemistry Is a Valuable Tool in the Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in FNA's Using Liquid-Based Cytology.

Introduction. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignancy of the thyroid. An accurate cytological diagnosis is based on distinctive cytological features in combination with immunocytochemistry.

Distinct distribution of corticotropin releasing factor receptors in human breast cancer.

The hypothalamic neuropeptide corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) has been found in several types of human cancer, where its biological role is not clarified. In experimental models of breast cancer CRF has been shown to exert anti-proliferative and other actions. Aim of the present study was to describe the expression of the two types of CRF receptors CRF(1) and CRF(2) in human breast tumors.

Co-expression of survivin, c-erbB2, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2): prognostic value and survival of endometrial cancer patients.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the co-expression of survivin, c-erbB2, and COX-2 in endometrial cancer tissues and evaluate its prognostic significance in endometrial cancer

Methods: Tumor tissue biopsies from 110 patients with primary untreated endometrial carcinomas were studied by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis evaluated correlation of antigen expression with tumor stage, grade, myometrial invasion, and histologic type. Association with disease outcome was also investigated

Results: The results showed that expression of the three antigens was independently associated with histological grade, disease stage, and myometrial invasion.

Detection of methylation in the CpG islands of the p16INK4A, RASSF 1A and methylguanine methyltransferase gene promoters in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic cancer consists of an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Recently, aberrant methylation of CpG islands of cancer-related genes has emerged as an important epigenetic mechanism of their transcriptional dysregulation during tumour development [1]. Therefore, new diagnostic methods, for early detection based on a better understanding of the molecular biology of pancreatic cancer, are required.

Cervical masses as manifestation of papillary thyroid carcinomas

Background: Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas are tumors often found accidentally after thyroidectomy for other thyroid disorders.

Methods: Patients with enlarged lateral cervical masses, with unknown thyroid disease, found to have metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma
Results: Group A included 24 patients with an enlarged lateral cervical mass whereas group B included 30 patients presenting with nodular or multinodular goiter.

A rare cause of mediastinal mass: Primary liposarcoma.

Liposarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed soft tissue sarcoma in adults and occurs predominantly in the lower limbs and retroperitoneum. Primary mediastinal liposarcomas are rare. Herein we report a case of a 68-year-old man with primary mediastinal liposarcoma involving the diaphragm and pericardium, which was successfully managed by complete surgical excision.

Primary mediastinal liposarcoma: a case report.

Introduction: Liposarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed soft tissue sarcoma in adults and occurs predominantly in the lower limbs and retroperitoneum. Primary mediastinal liposarcomas are rare.They are often asymptomatic and when growing to large size the presenting symptoms are related to direct invasion or compression of other thoracic organs such as the heart, great vessels and lung.

Cytoplasmic expression of c-erb-B2 in endometrial carcinomas.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of c-erb-B2 in endometrial cancer with attention to both membranous and cytoplasmic staining, and to elucidate the significance of cytoplasmic signaling.

Materials And Methods: c-erb-B2 reactivity was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 110 patients using a polyclonal antibody, and evaluated semiquantitatively according to the percentage of cells demonstrating membranous or diffuse cytoplasmic staining. Correlation was made with tumor stage, grade, myometrial invasion, histologic type, and disease outcome.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma metastatic to adrenal gland: a case report.

We report on a rare case of a 63-year-old male with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) metastatic to the right adrenal gland, first diagnosed with fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. The cytological and immunocytochemical study indicated a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin with characteristics of MFH. The patient was then operated on and the pathological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the cytological diagnosis.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with an uncommon metastasis to the left iliac region--case report.

We describe a rare and interesting case of a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSC) of the uterine cervix with metastasis in the left iliac region diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA). A 54-year-old woman underwent FNA because of a mass in the left iliac region. The material was processed by conventional liquid based cytology (ThinPrep), and by the cell-block technique and diagnosis was based on the cytomorphologic and immunochemical characteristics as well as the patient's history.

Unusual localization of an adenoid cystic carcinoma subsequent to superficial parotidectomy for a benign lesion.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland is relatively rare. According to a retrospective study of the medical records and histopathology files of 514 cases of parotid tumors operated at our hospital over a period of 18 years, adenoid cystic carcinoma represented only 2.3% of all parotid gland neoplasms, a total of 12 cases.

Concurrent primary Hodgkin's lymphoma and recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the ipsilateral parotid gland: report of a rare case.

The synchronous occurrence of two histologically different and morphologically distinct tumours in a single parotid gland is an exceptionally rare and probably coincidental event. We have recently experienced such a case initially suspected of being a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. Superficial parotidectomy, however, revealed two separate masses.

Loss of chromosome 1 in myxopapillary ependymoma suggests a region out of chromosome 22 as critical for tumour biology: a FISH analysis of four cases on touch imprint smears.

Objective: Ependymomas are glial tumours. They constitute approximately 5-10% of intracranial tumours and are tumours which can recur. Predictive factors of outcome in ependymomas are not well established.

Use of a thin-layer technique in thyroid fine needle aspiration.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of the ThinPrep Processor (Cytyc Corporation, Boxborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A) in fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid gland lesions.

E-cadherin expression during progression of squamous intraepithelial lesions in the uterine cervix.

Alterations of E-cadherin expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix have been described by some authors but their clinical significance has not yet been clarified. Archival specimens of 27 normal cervical epithelia, 15 atypical cells of undetermined origin (ASCUS), 53 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 19 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and six invasive squamous carcinomas were evaluated for E-cadherin expression. The cytological material was processed using liquid based cytology (ThinPrep technique) and immunostained for E-cadherin.

Mediastinum thymoma diagnosed by FNA and ThinPrep technique: a case report.

Thymoma is a primary tumor of the thymus epithelial cells. It may be asymptomatic or accompanied with atypical clinical symptoms or paraneoplastic syndromes, such as myasthenia gravis. The biological behavior of thymomas is unpredictable.

Pyogenic granuloma of the oral cavity: comparative study of its clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features.

There are two histological types of pyogenic granuloma (PG) of the oral cavity: the lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) and non-LCH type. The aim of the present study was to examine and compare the clinical features, etiological factors, diameter of vascular elements and immunohistochemical features of LCH and non-LCH histological types of PG to determine whether they are two distinct entities. Thirty cases of LCH and 26 cases of non-LCH PG were retrieved and retrospectively studied.

Imaging of peripheral nerve sheath tumors with pathologic correlation: pictorial review.

Peripheral neurogenic tumors include neurilemoma, neurinoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. All neurogenic tumors share common imaging features. Although differentiation between them is difficult, neurogenic origin can be suggested from their imaging appearances, including fusiform shape, relation to the nerve, "split-fat" sign, associated muscle atrophy and intrinsic imaging characteristics including "target sign" as well as from lesion location along a typical nerve distribution.