Predictive role of magnetic resonance imaging in the distinction of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant grade 4 astrocytomas versus glioblastomas.

Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status is a crucial prognostic factor in high-grade glial tumors.

Purpose: To investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features can display a diagnostic performance in the determination of IDH mutation in high-grade gliomas.

Material And Methods: A total of 170 patients including 24 IDH mutant grade 4 astrocytomas and 146 glioblastomas (GBM) were retrospectively examined via contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI before surgery.

Emergent properties from CuPd alloy films under near-infrared excitation.

Noble-transition metal alloys offer emergent optical and electronic properties for near-infrared (NIR) optoelectronic devices. We investigate the optical and electronic properties of CuPd alloy thin films and their ultrafast electron dynamics under NIR excitation. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements supported by density functional theory calculations show strong d-band hybridization between the Cu 3d and Pd 4d bands.

Resonant Plasmonic-Biomolecular Chiral Interactions in the Far-Ultraviolet: Enantiomeric Discrimination of sub-10 nm Amino Acid Films.

Resonant plasmonic-molecular chiral interactions are a promising route to enhanced biosensing. However, biomolecular optical activity primarily exists in the far-ultraviolet regime, posing significant challenges for spectral overlap with current nano-optical platforms. We demonstrate experimentally and computationally the enhanced chiral sensing of a resonant plasmonic-biomolecular system operating in the far-UV.

Large-Area, High-Specific-Power Schottky-Junction Photovoltaics from CVD-Grown Monolayer MoS.

The deployment of two-dimensional (2D) materials for solar energy conversion requires scalable large-area devices. Here, we present the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of monolayer MoS-based lateral Schottky-junction photovoltaic (PV) devices grown by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The device design consists of asymmetric Ti and Pt metal contacts with a work function offset to enable charge separation.

Molecular quantum interference effects on thermopower in hybrid 2-dimensional monolayers.

Quantum interference effects in single-molecule devices can significantly enhance the thermoelectric properties of these devices. However, single-molecule systems have limited utility for power conversion. In this work, we study the effects of destructive quantum interference in molecular junctions on the thermoelectric properties of hybrid, 2-dimensional molecule-nanoparticle monolayers.

Formation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) on the Phenol-Dosed -FeO(0001) Surface.

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are a class of toxic air pollutants that are found to form by the chemisorption of substituted aromatic molecules on the surface of metal oxides. In this study, we employ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) to perform a temperature-dependent study of phenol adsorption on -FeO(0001) to probe the radical formation mechanism by monitoring changes in the electronic structure of both the adsorbed phenol and metal oxide substrate. Upon dosing at room temperature, new phenol-derived electronic states have been clearly observed in the UPS spectrum at saturation coverage.

CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy as an Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst in an Acidic Solution.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have intriguing material properties, but their potential as catalysts has not been widely explored. Based on a concise theoretical model, we predict that the surface of a quaternary HEA of base metals, CoCrFeNi, should go from being nearly fully oxidized except for pure Ni sites when exposed to O to being partially oxidized in an acidic solution under cathodic bias, and that such a partially oxidized surface should be more active for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic solutions than all the component metals. These predictions are confirmed by electrochemical and surface science experiments: the Ni in the HEA is found to be most resistant to oxidation, and when deployed in 0.

Modifying Metastable SrBO (B = Nb, Ta, and Mo) Perovskites for Electrode Materials.

The presence of surface/deep defects in 4d- and 5d-perovskite oxide (ABO, B = Nb, Ta, Mo, etc.) nanoparticles (NPs), originating from multivalent B-site cations, contributes to suppressing their metallic properties. These defect states can be removed using a H/Ar thermal treatment, enabling the recovery of their electronic properties (i.

Electrolysis on a Chip with Tunable Thin Film Nanostructured PGM Electrocatalysts Generated from Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Templates.

Self-assembled block copolymers are promising templates for fabricating thin film materials with tuned periodic feature sizes and geometry at the nanoscale. Here, a series of nanostructured platinum and iridium oxide electrocatalysts templated from poly(styrene)-block-poly(vinyl pyridine) (PSbPVP) block copolymers via an incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) pathway is reported. Both nanowire and nanocylinder electrocatalysts of varying feature sizes are assessed and higher catalyst loadings are achieved by the alkylation of the pyridine moieties in the PVP block prior to IWI.

Testing the long-run effects of economic growth, financial development and energy consumption on CO emissions in Turkey: new evidence from RALS cointegration test.

This study analyses the long-run effects of economic growth, energy consumption and financial development on carbon dioxide (CO) emissions in Turkey using annual time series data for the period 1965-2018. This research investigates the relationship between the variables using a RALS-EG (residual augmented least squares-Engle and Granger) cointegration test procedure developed by Lee et al. Stud Nonlinear Dyn Econ 19:397-413, (2015).

Uniform Mesoporous Amorphous Cobalt-Inherent Silicon Oxide as a Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalyst in the Activation of Peroxymonosulfate for Rapid Oxidation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol: The Important Role of Inherent Cobalt in the Catalytic Mechanism.

Amorphous cobalt-inherent silicon oxide (Co-SiOx) was synthesized for the first time and employed as a highly active catalyst in the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the rapid oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). The characterization results revealed that the 0.15Co-SiOx possessed a high specific surface area of 607.

Effect of Oxide Ion Distribution on a Uranium Structure in Highly U-Doped REHfO (RE = La and Gd) Nanoparticles.

Rare-earth based ABO compounds have been considered as potential host materials for nuclear waste due to their exceptional chemical, physical, capability of accommodating high concentration of actinides at both A- and B-sites, negligible leaching, tendency to form antisite defects, and radiation stabilities. In this work, LaHfO (LHO) and GdHfO (GHO) nanoparticles (NPs) were chosen as the RE-based hafnates to study the structural changes and the formation of different U molecular structures upon doping (or alloying) at high concentration (up to 30 mol %) using a combined coprecipitation and molten-salt synthesis. These compounds form similar crystal structures, i.

Towards sustainable development in China: do political rights and civil liberties matter for environmental quality?

China is a rising power of the twenty-first century with its brilliant economic performance as a result of the transition to the free market economy model. However, China's economic development process has caused high environmental costs. For the past decade, China has been the leading country responsible for global carbon dioxide emissions (CO).

Adsorption of Polarized Molecules for Interfacial Band Engineering of Doped TiO Thin Films.

Owing to their chemical and mechanical stability, metal-oxides have emerged as potential alternatives for conventional pure-metal and organic molecule-based solid-state electronic devices. Traditionally, band engineering of these metal-oxides has been performed to improve the efficiency of solar cells and transistors. However, recent advancements in the field of oxide-based electronic devices demand reversible band structure engineering for applications in next-generation adaptive electronics and memory devices.

A Noble-Transition Alloy Excels at Hot-Carrier Generation in the Near Infrared.

Above-equilibrium "hot"-carrier generation in metals is a promising route to convert photons into electrical charge for efficient near-infrared optoelectronics. However, metals that offer both hot-carrier generation in the near-infrared and sufficient carrier lifetimes remain elusive. Alloys can offer emergent properties and new design strategies compared to pure metals.

Critical Coupling of Visible Light Extends Hot-Electron Lifetimes for HO Synthesis.

Devices driven by above-equilibrium "hot" electrons are appealing for photocatalytic technologies, such as in situ HO synthesis, but currently suffer from low (<1%) overall quantum efficiencies. Gold nanostructures excited by visible light generate hot electrons that can inject into a neighboring semiconductor to drive electrochemical reactions. Here, we designed and studied a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure of Au nanoparticles on a ZnO/TiO/Al film stack, deposited through room-temperature, lithography-free methods.

Role of Ce in Manipulating the Photoluminescence of Tb Doped YZrO.

YZrO (YZO) is widely used as a host material for luminescent centers because of its high stability and the ability to accommodate anion defects. In this work, the effects of Ce and Tb doping on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of YZO nanoparticles (NPs) are studied in detail to correlate the emission intensity with the dopant concentration. Herein, a two-step synthesis method of coprecipitation and molten salt was employed to prepare the YZO:Tb,Ce NPs.

Synergetic effect on catalytic activity and charge transfer in Pt-Pd bimetallic model catalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition.

Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized on TiO support on the planar substrate as well as on high surface area SiO gel by atomic layer deposition to identify the catalytic performance improvement after the formation of Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles by surface analysis techniques. From X-ray absorption near edge spectra of Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles, d-orbital hybridization between Pt 5d and Pd 4d was observed, which is responsible for charge transfer from Pt to Pd. Moreover, it was found from the in situ grazing incidence X-ray absorption spectroscopy study that Pt-Pd nanoparticles have a Pd shell/Pt core structure with CO adsorption.

3D Macroporous Zinc Compound/Silicone Hybrid Foams for Amperometric Sensing of Glucose Oxidase.

A 3D porous matrix makes an intriguing sensing platform, which can integrate functional guest molecules. Here, the first demonstration of a zinc compound/silicone hybrid foam is reported for amperometric sensing of glucose oxidase. The silicone foam is fabricated by a self-developed solid-filling-melting method.

Toward a Rapid-Fabricated Triboelectric Device with a 1,3-Phosphorylated Poly(vinyl alcohol) Polymer for Water Turbulence Energy Harvesting.

Electricity generation from coal, nuclear reaction, and shale gas has brought environmental, safety, and health concerns. The electricity industry is constantly seeking sustainable, safe, and healthy way of electricity generation. The use of triboelectric device is promising for producing electricity from water energy.

Probing environmentally significant surface radicals: Crystallographic and temperature dependent adsorption of phenol on ZnO.

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are toxic organic/metal oxide composite particles that have been discovered to form from substituted benzenes chemisorbed to metal oxides. Here, we perform photoelectron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and low energy electron diffraction of phenol chemisorbed to ZnO(1 0 1̱ 0) and (0 0 0 1̱)-Zn to observe electronic structure changes and charge transfer as a function adsorption temperature. We show direct evidence of charge transfer from the ZnO surfaces to the phenol.

Electronic signatures of a model pollutant-particle system: chemisorbed phenol on TiO₂(110).

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are a class of composite organic/metal oxide pollutants that have recently been discovered to form from a wide variety of substituted benzenes chemisorbed to commonly encountered oxides. Although a qualitative understanding of EPFR formation on particulate metal oxides has been achieved, a detailed understanding of the charge transfer mechanism that must accompany the creation of an unpaired radical electron is lacking. In this study, we perform photoelectron spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy on a well-defined model system-phenol chemisorbed on TiO2(110) to directly observe changes in the electronic structure of the oxide and chemisorbed phenol as a function of adsorption temperature.

High-throughput Toroidal Grating Beamline for Photoelectron Spectroscopy at CAMD.

A 5 meter toroidal grating (5m-TGM) beamline has been commissioned to deliver 28 mrad of bending magnet radiation to an ultrahigh vacuum endstation chamber to facilitate angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The 5m-TGM beamline is equipped with Au-coated gratings with 300, 600 and 1200 lines/mm providing monochromatized synchrotron radiation in the energy ranges 25-70 eV, 50-120 eV and 100-240 eV, respectively. The beamline delivers excellent flux (~10-10 photons/sec/100mA) and a combined energy resolution of 189 meV for the beamline (at 1.