The functional role of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle subregions during forward flexion: a shear wave elastography study.

Background: Knowledge of the morphological and functional differences in the anatomic subregions of the supraspinatus (SSP) and infraspinatus (ISP) muscles during forward flexion will provide useful information in the management of shoulder joint disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the SSP and ISP muscle subregions exhibit independent roles during forward flexion of the shoulder joint.

Methods: Eight healthy male volunteers without any restriction in their shoulder joints were recruited for this study.

The effect of a shoe lift on tensor fasciae latae length during standing with an artificial functional leg length discrepancy: An ultrasonic shear wave elastography study.

Background: Shortening of tensor fasciae latae is one factor that causes a functional leg length discrepancy. A shoe lift has been used to correct the compensatory posture resulting from the discrepancy. Despite the potential therapeutic benefit of a shoe lift, the mechanism by which it exerts its effect is unclear.

Influence of fat infiltration, tear size, and post-operative tendon integrity on muscle contractility of repaired supraspinatus muscle.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fat infiltration, tear size, and post-operative tendon integrity, on post-operative contractility.

Methods: Thirty-five patients who underwent rotator cuff repair were included. The fat infiltration, tear size, and post-operative tendon integrity were evaluated by Goutallier stage, Cofield classification, and Sugaya classification, respectively.

Stiffness of the infraspinatus and the teres minor muscles during shoulder external rotation: An in-vitro and in-vivo shear wave elastography study.

Background: A better understanding of the morphological and functional differences in the anatomical sub-regions of the rotator cuff muscles is critical so that appropriate surgical and rehabilitation methodologies can be implemented in patients with shoulder-related injuries. The purpose of the current study was to develop a comprehensive imaging protocol using shear-wave elastography for the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles, and investigate differences in elastic properties of three distinct infraspinatus muscle sub-regions and of the teres minor muscle.

Methods: First, we developed a protocol for probe positioning for both muscles using three cadaveric shoulders.

Elastographic Region of Interest Determination for Muscle with Fat Infiltration.

Purpose: Ultrasound elastography has been used to evaluate the skeletal muscle stiffness as a biomarker for sarcopenia assessment. However, there is no consensus with respect to the size and location of the region of interest in assessing such fat infiltrated muscle. The objective of this study was to determine which cross-sectional area should be measured in torn disuse muscle with fat infiltration to accurately measure muscle activity using real-time tissue elastography (RTE).

Three-dimensional quantitative measurements of atrophy and fat infiltration in sub-regions of the supraspinatus muscle show heterogeneous distributions: a cadaveric study.

Introduction: Rotator cuff tears are common in the older population. Atrophy and fat infiltration develop un-evenly in torn supraspinatus (SSP) muscles leading to pre- and post-surgical complications. The purpose of the current study was twofold: first, to implement a volumetric and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach to quantify the degree of muscle atrophy and fat infiltration within the SSP muscle and its four sub-regions (AS, PS, AD, and PD); second to compare 3-D MRI outcomes to the standard 2-D assessment and investigate their relationship with tear size.

Shoulder scaption is dependent on the behavior of the different partitions of the infraspinatus muscle.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if the three partitions (superior, middle, and inferior partitions) of the infraspinatus muscle previously described in anatomical studies will present different behavior during scapular plane abduction (scaption) as described using shear-wave elastography, especially during initial range of motion.

Methods: Eight volunteers held their arm against gravity 15° intervals from 30° to 150° in scaption. Shear-wave elastography was implemented at each position to measure shear modulus at rest and during muscle contraction, as a surrogate for muscle stiffness, of each partition.

Capsular attachment of the subregions of rotator cuff muscles.

Purpose: This study aimed to morphologically and histologically investigate the relationship between deep subregions of the rotator cuff muscle and shoulder joint capsule as well as the relationship between the rotator cuff tendon or capsule and bony insertion.

Methods: We examined 13 shoulders of embalmed cadavers and measured the capsular attachments and footprints macroscopically. We also histologically examined the fibres in three shoulders.

Evaluation of the activities of the medial and lateral heads of quadratus plantae in flexion movements of the lateral four toes using ultrasound real-time tissue elastography.

Quadratus plantae (QP), one of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles, assist plantarflexion of the lesser toes. QP has medial and lateral muscle heads with different anatomical structures. The two heads of this muscle may have different roles in foot function.

Fat infiltration in the gluteus minimus muscle in older adults.

Purpose: Fat infiltration (FI) in the gluteus minimus muscle (GMin) has been reported as being restricted to the anterior part. The aim of this study was to verify whether FI is localized only to the anterior part of the GMin through the dissection of large number of elderly cadavers and to clarify the underlying mechanism of FI localized to a specific region.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight hips from 20 embalmed elder cadavers were dissected for verification of FI localization.

Contractile property measurement of the torn supraspinatus muscle using real-time tissue elastography.

Hypothesis: In the restoration of shoulder abduction, decreased contractility of the torn rotator cuff muscle may be a cause of a poor result. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the contractile property of the torn supraspinatus muscle measured by real-time tissue elastography and the Goutallier stage as modified by Fuchs et al. METHODS: The muscular hardness of the torn supraspinatus muscle was measured in 32 patients at rest and during isometric contraction with the shoulder abducted to 60° in the scapular plane.

Functions of the subregions of the infraspinatus during lateral rotation.

Purpose: Although recent morphological studies have revealed that the infraspinatus muscle is subdivided, the functions of the subregions remain unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the functions of the infraspinatus subregions during lateral rotation using real-time tissue elastography (RTE).

Methods: Ten young male volunteers participated in the study.

Functions of the subregions of the supraspinatus muscle.

The aim of this study was to investigate the functions of the six subregions of the supraspinatus muscle (SSP) determined by Kim et al. in Clin Anat 2007;20:648-655, using real-time tissue elastography (RTE). Twelve young male volunteers participated.

Fatty degeneration of gluteus minimus muscle as a predictor of falls.

The cause of falls is multifactorial, however, hip fractures in elderly would be prevented if accidental falls are predictable. We assessed magnetic resonance images of 38 patients with groin pain after taking a fall whose fracture could not be detected by plain X-rays, and 45 patients with no episode of falls. Their ages were over 65 years.

Distribution of myeloid dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To examine the precise tissue distribution of dendritic cells (DC) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-expressing cells in synovial tissue and synovial fluid (SF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Synovial tissues from 30 patients with RA and 7 with OA were immunohistochemically stained for DC markers. The examined areas were classified into 5 categories based on pathobiological staging and histopathological grading systems.

Inherited risk factors for deep venous thrombosis following total hip arthroplasty in Japanese patients: matched control study.

Background: Inherited predisposing risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) have been clearly identified in Caucasians, but there are fewer reports evaluating these factors in the Japanese. This study was undertaken to assess the predisposing risk factors for DVT following elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Japanese patients.

Methods: We studied 60 patients who underwent THA.

Condylar Stabilizing Technique with AO/ASIF Distal Radius Plate for Colles' Fracture Associated with Osteoporosis.

The author established a new reduction and fixation technique for osteoporotic distal radius fracture with a use of AO/ASIF volar distal radius plate, referring to the condylar plating technique in distal femoral fracture. This technique is performed in three steps. First, distal fixation is through the insertion of buttress pins just beneath the subchondral bone with a convergent angle of 10 degrees to the articular surface under fluoroscopic assistance.

A case of intramuscular cysticercosis diagnosed definitively by mitochondrial DNA analysis of extremely calcified cysts.

A case of obsolete intramuscular cysticercosis diagnosed definitively by mitochondrial DNA analysis of extremely calcified cysts was reported. X-ray and computed tomography findings highly suggested cysticercosis due to Taenia solium; however, no direct evidence of cysticercosis was obtained through serological or histopathological examinations. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of a histopathological specimen confirmed the causative agent to be the Asian genotype of T.

Condylar stabilizing technique for intra-articular fracture of distal radius.

I previously reported a new reduction and fixation technique for extra-articular distal radius fracture associated with osteoporosis. I developed the technique and applied it to intra-articular fracturea. I present here the technique and verify its reliability, comparing the functional results of intra-articular fracture cases to those of extra-articular cases.

Closed-Wedge osteotomy for osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum. A 7- to 12-year follow-up.

This article details a 7- to 12-year follow-up of seven young male baseball players with osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum that we treated using closed-wedge osteotomy. This procedure was established by Yoshizu in 1986 for the treatment of "Little League elbow." The bone of the capitellum was revascularized and remodeled within 6 months in all seven patients.

Multiple occurrence of osteochondromas in dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica.

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica was defined by Trevor (1950) as a rare congenital growth disorder of the tarsus and of the epiphysis of the long bone. In this report, a rare case of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica associated with multiple extraskeletal osteochondromas is presented. Although different modes of expression of the same pathologic process have been suggested for dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica and osteochondroma, the biological feature of cartilaginous overgrowth in the skeletal system still seems unclear.

Critical displacement of neural injuries in supracondylar humeral fractures in children.

To investigate a relation between the degree of initial fracture displacement and nerve complication, 53 consecutive acute extension-type supracondylar humeral fractures in children during 10 years were analyzed. From the initial roentgenographs, the direction and degree of displacement of each fracture were plotted on the coronal two-dimensional coordinates at the fracture site. The degree of displacement was represented by a diameter of the humeral shaft.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a monitoring technique for digital replantation survival.

There have been few clinical reports of successful replantation assisted with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. In order to improve replant survival, the author has used HBO in ten digital replantations of crush, avulsion, and degloving amputations. Seven of ten replants survived and the other three failed.

Intramedullary bone-cement fixation for proximal humeral fracture in elderly patients. A report of 5 cases.

We treated 5 proximal humeral fractures associated with advanced osteoporosis with conventional plate and screw fixation augmented by intramedullary bone cement. These osteosyntheses remained stable during a 1-year follow-up and the outcome was similar to that after fractures in younger patients without osteoporosis.