A Case of Radiation Nephropathy Complicated by Tubulointerstitial Nephritis with Predominantly Lymphocyte and Plasma Cell Infiltration.

A 64-year-old Japanese woman presented with gross hematuria and was diagnosed with stage IVB cervical cancer. Renal dysfunction was observed following chemoradiation therapy, and a renal biopsy revealed renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), which are atypical features of radiation nephropathy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed wedge-shaped areas of high contrast, consistent with areas of high radiation dose in the kidneys, thus leading to the diagnosis of radiation nephropathy.

Dosimetric verification of four dose calculation algorithms for spine stereotactic body radiotherapy.

The applications of Type B [anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) and collapsed cone (CC)] and Type C [Acuros XB (AXB) and photon Monte Carlo (PMC)] dose calculation algorithms in spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) were evaluated. Water- and bone-equivalent phantoms were combined to evaluate the percentage depth dose and dose profile. Subsequently, 48 consecutive patients with clinical spine SBRT plans were evaluated.

Role of albumin Cys34 redox state in the progression of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and induction of ferroptosis.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy worldwide and requires effective prognostic markers and therapeutic targets to optimize patient outcomes. This study investigated the potential of human serum albumin (HSA) cysteine-34 (Cys34) redox state as a prognostic indicator and therapeutic avenue for DTC. A retrospective cohort study of 99 patients with DTC undergoing radioactive iodine therapy found that higher concentrations of HSA with the reduced form of Cys34 (i.

Impact of Long-term Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in High-dose IMRT for Unfavorable Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of adding long-term adjuvant hormonal therapy to high-dose intensity-modulated radiation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer patients with multiple unfavorable risks.

Patients And Methods: All cT3-4N0M0 prostate cancer patients with Gleason score 8-10 and prostate-specific antigen ≥30 ng/ml who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy to the prostate and seminal vesicle alone (78 Gy in 39 fractions) between September 2000 and June 2017 at our institution were analyzed retrospectively. All patients received short-term neoadjuvant hormonal therapy.

Long-Term Outcomes of a Prospective Study on Highly Hypofractionated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer for 3 Weeks.

Purpose: Reports of radiation therapy for prostate cancer using dose fractions between moderate hypofractionation and ultrahypofractionation are limited. This pilot study involved the application of highly hypofractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in 15 fractions for 3 weeks and the number of fractions was intermediate between the 2 previously mentioned dose fractions. The long-term outcomes are reported.

Recurrence-free survival and prognosis after adjuvant therapy with radioactive iodine-131 in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

This study aimed to assess recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates and recurrence-related factors of patients who received adjuvant therapy (AT) with radioactive iodine (RAI) for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) following thyroidectomy. We evaluated 284 patients who underwent AT between January 2011 and July 2020 at our hospital. Recurrence was defined as visible recurrent lesions on image analysis or need for repeat surgery with pathologically confirmed recurrent lesions.

Quantification of six-degree-of-freedom motion during beam delivery in spine stereotactic body radiotherapy using intra-irradiation cone-beam computed tomography imaging technique.

Purpose: Quantifying intra-fractional six-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) residual errors or motion from approved patient setups is necessary for accurate beam delivery in spine stereotactic body radiotherapy. However, previously reported errors were not acquired during beam delivery. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the 6DoF residual errors and motions during arc beam delivery using a concurrent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging technique, intra-irradiation CBCT.

Efficacy and Tolerability of Second-line Pembrolizumab With Radiation Therapy in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Considering the limited data available on immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiation combination therapy in advanced urothelial carcinoma, this study evaluated the survival benefit and associated toxicity of adding radiation therapy to second-line pembrolizumab.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively examined 24 consecutive patients with advanced bladder or upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma and for whom second-line pembrolizumab was initiated between August 2018 and October 2021 in combination with radiation therapy (with curative intent in 12 patients, and palliative intent in 12 patients). Their survival outcomes and toxicities were compared with those of propensity-score-matched cohorts from a Japanese multicenter study with similar characteristics who received pembrolizumab monotherapy.

Ten-year outcomes of whole-pelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer with regional lymph node metastasis.

Background: Management of pelvic node-positive prostate cancer has been challenging and controversial. We conducted a study to evaluate the outcomes of whole-pelvic (WP) simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Methods: A total of 67 consecutive patients with cT1c-4N1M0 prostate cancer were definitively treated by WP SIB-IMRT.

Radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma of the prostate: an analysis based on the Japanese radiation oncology study group survey.

Background: The clinical characteristics of prostate ductal carcinoma is still unclear, and treatment strategy has not yet been established due to its rarity. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter survey of radiation therapy for prostate ductal carcinoma in Japan.

Method: Data of patients with ductal carcinoma of the prostate treated with radiation therapy between 1996 and 2018 were extracted from the database of each facility.

Clinical significance of IDC-P as predictive factor after intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

The clinical significance of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) treated with high-dose external-beam radiation therapy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of IDC-P in men who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nonmetastatic PCa. All patients with high-risk (H-R) and very high-risk (VH-R) PCa who received IMRT between September 2000 and December 2013 at our institution were analyzed retrospectively.

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer after rectal surgery: a single hospital long-term safety analysis.

Background: Radiotherapy is a treatment option for prostate cancer patients after rectal surgery; however, the toxicity profile of radiotherapy for such patients has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term toxicities and efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with prostate cancer who had undergone rectal surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with prostate cancer after rectal surgery, who were definitively treated with IMRT between January 2000 and December 2019 at our institution.

Development of a plan complexity mitigation algorithm based on gamma passing rate predictions for volumetric-modulated arc therapy.

Background And Purpose: Volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a complex rotational therapy technique in which highly conformal dose distribution can be realized by varying the speed of gantry rotation, multileaf collimator (MLC) shape, and dose rate. However, the complexity of the technique creates a discrepancy between the calculated and measured doses. Thus, to mitigate the plan complexity in VMAT, this study aimed to develop an algorithm and evaluate its usefulness by conducting a feasibility study.

Detection efficacy of PET/CT with F-FSU-880 in patients with suspected recurrent prostate cancer: a prospective single-center study.

Purpose: Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of PET/CT with a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET probe, F-FSU-880, for detection and localization of recurrent disease in prostate cancer patients in whom recurrence was suspected based on an increase in plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after initial treatment.

Methods: This study was a prospective institutional review board-approved study of 72 patients (age 56-84 years, PSA level 0.22-40.

Highly hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer with a simultaneous integrated boost to intraprostatic lesions: a planning study.

Purpose: The purpose of this planning study was to develop an acceptable technique for highly hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy using simultaneous integrated boost technique (SIB-hHF-RT) for nonmetastatic National Comprehensive Cancer Network high-risk prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: We created SIB-hHF-RT plans for 14 nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients with MRI-detectable intraprostatic lesions (IPLs) and without intestines locating close to the seminal vesicle and prostate. We prescribed 57 Gy for IPLs and 54 Gy for the remainder of planning target volume (PTV) in 15 fractions.

Long-term safety of high-dose whole pelvic IMRT for high-risk localized prostate cancer through 10-year follow-up.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of whole pelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy with a simultaneous-integrated boost (WP-SIB-IMRT) for locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPCa).

Methods: All patients with cT3-4N0M0 prostate cancer treated with WP-SIB-IMRT between February 2006 and September 2009 at our institution were analyzed retrospectively. The prescribed dose was 78 Gy to the prostate and 58.

Reducing variability among treatment machines using knowledge-based planning for head and neck, pancreatic, and rectal cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess dosimetric indices of RapidPlan model-based plans for different energies (6, 8, 10, and 15 MV; 6- and 10-MV flattening filter-free), multileaf collimator (MLC) types (Millennium 120, High Definition 120, dual-layer MLC), and disease sites (head and neck, pancreatic, and rectal cancer) and compare these parameters with those of clinical plans.

Methods: RapidPlan models in the Eclipse version 15.6 were used with the data of 28, 42, and 20 patients with head and neck, pancreatic, and rectal cancer, respectively.

Long-term clinical outcomes of external beam radiation therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer: A combination of prostate-targeted treatment and metastasis-directed therapy.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of combination of prostate-targeted treatment and metastasis-directed therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of synchronously diagnosed oligometastatic prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy for the prostate and all metastatic lesions (≤3 lesions) at Kyoto University Hospital between January 2004 and April 2019. The prescribed dose was basically ≥70 Gy for the prostate with or without whole pelvic irradiation, and ≥45 Gy for the metastatic lesions.

Increased risk of disease progression in younger men: Analysis of factors predicting biochemical failure and castration-resistant prostate cancer after high-dose intensity-modulated radiation therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of the effect of age on disease control in men who received high-dose intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nonmetastatic prostate cancer (NMPCa).

Methods: NMPCa patients with favorable intermediate to very high-risk features (National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk classification) treated with IMRT at our institution between September 2000 and May 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Treatment consisted of high-dose IMRT (74-78 Gy/37-39 fractions) combined with 6 months of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy.

[A Case of Primary Ewing Sarcoma of the Kidney Treated with Multidisciplinary Approach].

A woman in her 40s visited our hospital for further examination and treatment of a left renal tumor. Imaging studies showed that the patient had a large left renal tumor, 10.5 cm in diameter, which contained foci of necrosis.