Lateral prefrontal cortex controls interplay between working memory and actions.

Humans must often keep multiple task goals in mind, at different levels of priority and immediacy, while also interacting with the environment. We might need to remember information for an upcoming task while engaged in more immediate actions. Consequently, actively maintained working memory (WM) content may bleed into ongoing but unrelated motor behavior.

Connecting past and present.

A neural signature of serial dependence has been found, which mirrors the attractive bias of visual information seen in behavioral experiments.

Safety and Effectiveness of Four-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in Special Populations with INR Below 2: A Post-Marketing Surveillance Study.

Introduction: We previously conducted a prospective, observational post-marketing surveillance study to assess the safety and effectiveness of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) for rapid vitamin K antagonist (VKA) reversal in Japanese patients.

Methods: This subgroup analysis compared the safety, especially thromboembolic events (TEEs), and effectiveness of 4F-PCC by stratifying patients into two subgroups according to baseline international normalized ratio (INR) levels with < 2.0 and ≥ 2.

Ocular working memory signals are flexible to behavioral priority and subjective imagery strength.

The pupillary light response was long considered a brainstem reflex, outside of cognitive influence. However, newer findings indicate that pupil dilation (and eye movements) can reflect content held "in mind" with working memory (WM). These findings may reshape understanding of ocular and WM mechanisms, but it is unclear whether the signals are artifactual or functional to WM.

Structured memory representations develop at multiple time scales in hippocampal-cortical networks.

Influential views of systems memory consolidation posit that the hippocampus rapidly forms representations of specific events, while neocortical networks extract regularities across events, forming the basis of schemas and semantic knowledge. Neocortical extraction of schematic memory representations is thought to occur on a protracted timescale of months, especially for information that is unrelated to prior knowledge. However, this theorized evolution of memory representations across extended timescales, and differences in the temporal dynamics of consolidation across brain regions, lack reliable empirical support.

Long-term learning transforms prefrontal cortex representations during working memory.

The role of the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) in working memory (WM) is debated. Non-human primate (NHP) electrophysiology shows that the lPFC stores WM representations, but human neuroimaging suggests that the lPFC controls WM content in sensory cortices. These accounts are confounded by differences in task training and stimulus exposure.

[Purpose of Using Mobility Scooters as Transportation Devices for Community-dwelling Elderly People and Changes in Their Daily Life].

Elderly people need a means to be able to move at their own will in order to stay socially active. One of the means of transportation is a mobility scooter. The purpose of this study was to find out how community-dwelling elderly people came to use a mobility scooter as a means of transportation and how they use it in their daily lives.

Evaluation of a training program for community-based end-of-life care of older people toward aging in place: A mixed methods study.

Aims: To evaluate a training program that supports community-based service staff in implementing aging-in-place and end-of-life care programs.

Background: Globally, as the population ages, the need for end-of-life care has never been greater. Since Japan is facing the issues of a super-aged population sooner than most countries, there is a particularly urgent need to enhance end-of-life care for older people.

[Physical parameters and physical function in older drivers with driving-related anxiety: the Nakagawa Study].

Aim: This study investigated whether driving-related anxiety was independently associated with physical parameters and physical function in community-dwelling older people.

Methods: Participants were 523 community-dwelling older drivers (353 men and 170 women). Participants self-reported driving-related anxiety when driving in familiar environments, and completed physical assessments: visual impairment, auditory impairment, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), hand grip strength, knee extension strength, timed up and go (TUG), chair stand, one leg standing with open eyes, functional reach, vertical jump, preferred gait speed and maximal gait speed.

Prioritized verbal working memory content biases ongoing action.

Working memory (WM) holds information temporarily in mind, imparting the ability to guide behavior based on internal goals rather than external stimuli. However, humans often maintain WM content for a future task while performing more immediate actions. Consequently, transient WM representations may inadvertently influence ongoing (but unrelated) motor behavior.

We Need a Taxonomy of Working Memory.

A vast and diverse literature describes the relationship between working memory and attention. That literature encompasses tests of the interactions between the two functions, comparisons of the processes underlying them, and theoretical formulations of the cognitive constructs. In a recent review, Oberauer (2019) reins in this varied work to create a roadmap for future research.

Practical Considerations for Navigating Registered Reports.

Recent open science efforts to improve rigor and reliability have sparked great enthusiasm. Among these, the Registered Report publication format integrates best practices in hypothesis-driven research with peer review that occurs before the research is conducted. Here, we detail practical recommendations to help researchers negotiate the mechanics of this developing format.

Long-term Body Weight Gain After Maturity is Associated With the Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Independent of Current Body Weight, in Middle-aged and Older Men.

Background: This study investigated the relationship between long-term body weight gain after maturity and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: The participants were 303 men without a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, kidney dysfunction, or dialysis treatment. Their body weight gain after maturity was examined using a standardized self-administered questionnaire.

Role of selected polymorphisms in determining muscle fiber composition in Japanese men and women.

Genetic polymorphisms and sex differences are suggested to affect muscle fiber composition; however, no study has investigated the effects of genetic polymorphisms on muscle fiber composition with respect to sex differences. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of genetic polymorphisms on muscle fiber composition with respect to sex differences in the Japanese population. The present study included 211 healthy Japanese individuals (102 men and 109 women).

The joint impact of habitual exercise and glycemic control on the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older males.

Background: This retrospective study evaluated the influence of the joint impact of habitual exercise and glycemic control on the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) during a 6-year follow-up period in middle-aged and older males.

Methods: The study population included 303 males without a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, renal dysfunction, or dialysis treatment. Their lifestyle behaviors regarding exercise and physical activity were evaluated using a standardized self-administered questionnaire.

Neural Representation of Working Memory Content Is Modulated by Visual Attentional Demand.

Recent theories assert that visual working memory (WM) relies on the same attentional resources and sensory substrates as visual attention to external stimuli. Behavioral studies have observed competitive tradeoffs between internal (i.e.

Hypertension and hyperglycemia and the combination thereof enhances the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older males.

Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be an etiologic cause of aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and metabolic syndrome. However, the influence of these cardiovascular risk factors and their combination on the development of CKD remains controversial. This retrospective study evaluated the influence of cardiovascular risk factors and their combination on the incidence of CKD during a 6-year follow-up period in middle-aged and older males.

Serial Dependence across Perception, Attention, and Memory.

Information that has been recently perceived or remembered can bias current processing. This has been viewed as both a corrupting (e.g.

The association between changes in lifestyle behaviors and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older men.

Background: This study was designed to evaluate whether changes in lifestyle behaviors are correlated with the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: The subjects consisted of 316 men without a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, or renal dysfunction or dialysis treatment. The following lifestyle behaviors were evaluated using a standardized self-administered questionnaire: habitual moderate exercise, daily physical activity, walking speed, eating speed, late-night dinner, bedtime snacking, skipping breakfast, and drinking and smoking habits.

Reduced Risk-Taking following Disruption of the Intraparietal Sulcus.

Decision makers frequently encounter opportunities to pursue great gains-assuming they are willing to accept greater risks. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that activity in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the inferior frontal junction (IFJ) are associated with individual preferences for economic risk ("known unknowns," e.g.

Effects of a 12-week, short-interval, intermittent, low-intensity, slow-jogging program on skeletal muscle, fat infiltration, and fitness in older adults: randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: We developed a short-interval, low-intensity, slow-jogging (SJ) program consisting of sets of 1 min of SJ at walking speed and 1 min of walking. We aimed to examine the effects of an easily performed SJ program on skeletal muscle, fat infiltration, and fitness in older adults.

Methods: A total of 81 community-dwelling, independent, older adults (70.

Timed Up and Go test, atrophy of medial temporal areas and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment.

Aim: This study aimed to ascertain if performance on the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is associated with indicators of brain volume and cognitive functions among community-dwelling older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment.

Methods: Participants were 80 community-dwelling older adults aged 65-89years (44 men, 36 women), including 20 with mild cognitive impairment. Participants completed the TUG and a battery of cognitive assessments, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Logical Memory I and II (LM-I, LM-II) subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised; and the Trail Making Test A and B (TMT-A, TMT-B).