Impact of a recognition package as an incentive to strengthen the motivation, performance, and retention of village health teams in Uganda: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Uganda's community health worker (CHW), or village health team (VHT), program faces significant challenges with poor retention and insufficient financial and program investment. Adequate compensation comprising financial and non-financial components is critical to retaining any workforce, including CHWs. This study evaluates the impact of a recognition-based non-financial incentives package on the motivation, performance, and retention of VHTs, as well as on the utilization of health services by the community.

Ischemia-reperfusion induced elevation of diastolic tension in the isolated guinea pig heart and the effects of calcium antagonists.

Characteristics of the temporal elevation of diastolic tension, produced by ischemia-reperfusion in isolated and paced Langendorff's hearts of guinea pigs, were studied. The elevation of diastolic tension corresponded with an elevation of left ventricular end diastolic pressure after a short ischemic period in the isovolumic heart. These phenomena were thought to be a result of incomplete relaxation.

Inhibition of platelet aggregation by diltiazem. Comparison with verapamil and nifedipine and inhibitory potencies of diltiazem metabolites.

The inhibitory effects of three calcium blockers, diltiazem (d-form), verapamil, and nifedipine, on ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation of human and rabbit platelets were compared. The potency of diltiazem was greater than those of verapamil and nifedipine in human platelet-rich plasma. A similar order of the inhibitory potencies was observed in rabbit platelet-rich plasma, but this order was reversed when washed platelets were aggregated in buffered saline.

Development of diltiazem, a calcium antagonist: coronary vasodilating and antihypertensive actions.

We found that the coronary vasodilating action resides in novel 1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives. The calcium antagonistic property of diltiazem has been demonstrated in vascular and visceral smooth muscles as well as in cardiac ventricular muscle. Although the vasodilating action of diltiazem was the most potent in coronary and vertebral artery, it also dilates other peripheral arteries including renal artery.

[Effects of diltiazem on catecholamine release from cat adrenal glands (author's transl)].

Effects of diltiazem on catecholamine (CA) release evoked by several secretagogues were investigated in cat adrenal glands perfused in situ with Locke solution. All compounds were introduced into the perfusion medium. It was found that the release of CA stimulated by either acetylcholine (ACh) (10(-4) M) or high K+ (56 mM) was reduced by approximately 50 and 90% in the presence of 10(-5) and 10(-4) M diltiazem respectively, while diltiazem at 10(-6) M exhibited little or no influence on the Ca release.

[Effects of diltiazem on cardiac function in the dog (author's transl)].

Effects of diltiazem (Dil) on cardiac function were studied in the anesthetized open chest and heart-lung preparation of dogs. In the anesthetized dog, Dil (0.03-0.

Effect of diltiazem on insulin secretion. II. Experiments on perfused rat pancreas, anesthetized dogs and conscious rats.

Effect of diltiazem on insulin secretion was investigated in the perfused rat pancreas. Experiments were also carried out in anesthetized dogs and conscious rats with and without glucose loading. In the perfused rat pancreas, diltiazem reduced both glucose- and tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion and these effects of diltiazem were reversed with removal of the compound.

[Bronchodilating action of (--)-1-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl)-7-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoloine HCl (l-MTI) (author's transl)].

Bronchodilating action of l-MTI was investigated by intravenous administration to anesthetized animals and the results were compared to those seen with isoproterenol. Bronchoconstriction was induced by histamine or serotonin. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, the bronchodilating activity of l-MTI was approx.

[Vasodilator action of (+/-)-1-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl)-6-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (CV-705) in anesthetized dogs (author's transl)].

The vasodilator action of CV-705 was investigated in a number of vascular regions of anesthetized mongrel dogs and this action was compared with that of papaverine. When CV-705 was administered intravenously the vertebral, common carotid and internal carotid blood flow was increased considerably and was long-lasting. These effects were most remarkable among the regions tested.

Effect of diltiazem on insulin secretion. I. Experiments in vitro.

Effect of diltiazem on glucose-induced insulin secretion was investigated in the rat islets of Langerhans isolated by a collagenase digestion technique. It was found that B-cells, main constituents of isolated islet preparations, had a well-preserved ultrastructural appearance immediately following isolation or after incubation with glucose or glucose and diltiazem. The islets released a large amount of insulin upon stimulation with glucose and CaCl2.

Effects of diltiazem on electrical and mechanical activities of isolated guinea pig taenia coli.

Effects of diltiazem on electrical and mechanical activities of isolated guinea pig taenia coli were studied by means of the double sucrose-gap method. In the spontaneously active preparations, diltiazem (2.2 X 10(-6) M) suppressed both electrical activity and isometric contraction, while electrical and mechanical activities evoked by the depolarizing current pulse were not affected at the concentration of 2.

Effects of diltiazem and lanthanum ion on the potassium contracture of isolated guinea pig smooth muscle.

Effects of diltiazem on K-induced contracture of the smooth muscle were examined in the isolated taenia coli and stomach strip of the guinea pig. Results were compared with those of lanthanum ion (La(3+)). K-contracture was evoked by isotonic K-Krebs solution.

Electrical and mechanical responses to diltiazem in potassium depolarized myocardium of the guinea pig.

Effects of diltiazem on the electrical and mechanical activities of guinea pig papillary muscle were investigated in K-rich Tyrode's solution (Kc1 12.7 mM). The electrical properties of cell membrane in K-rich solution were also examined in the ventricular muscle fibers.

Effect of diltiazem on calcium- and noradrenaline-induced contractions in isolated rabbit aorta.

The effect of diltiazem on calcium- and noradrenaline-induced contractions was investigated in the K-depolarized aortic strip of the rabbit. Diltiazem inhibited the contraction induced by calcium ions dose-dependently. A lower concentration of diltiazem produced no significant influence on the contraction induced by noradrenaline, while a higher concentration suppressed it.

Studies on the structure activity relationship of adrenergic beta-mimetic benzylamine derivatives.

Appropriately substituted benzylamine (BZA) derivatives, fragmented derivatives of tetrahydroisoquinolines, were found to be directly acting adrenergic beta-stimulants, exhibiting tracheal relaxing, positive chronotropic and free fatty acid (FFA) releasing activities. The chemical structures essential for manifestation of the beta-action were i) 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine, ii) arylmethyl group at position alpha, iii) lower alkyl group on the N atom. The structure activity relationships of BZA-derivatives were almost similar to, but partly different from those of tetrahydroisoquinoline- and catecholamine-derivatives.