Karyological characterization of meiosis, post-meiotic mitosis and nuclear migration in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Rhizopogon roseolus (= R. rubescens).

Karyological characteristics during basidiosporogenesis of Rhizopogon roseolus, a member of the hypogeous Agaricomycetes, were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. More than 1000 tissue fragments of young basidiomata were stained with HCl-Giemsa and observed by a light microscopy to evaluate nuclear behavior. Basidium morphology in the hymenium was observed by transmission electron microscopy.

A report from Japan: choices of Japanese patients in the face of disagreement.

Background: Patients in different countries have different attitudes toward self-determination and medical information. Little is known how much respect Japanese patients feel should be given for their wishes about medical care and for medical information, and what choices they would make in the face of disagreement.

Methods: Ambulatory patients in six clinics of internal medicine at a university hospital were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire.