Chiral Bicyclic NHC/Cu Complexes for Catalytic Asymmetric Borylation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters.

The potential of using chiral bicyclic NHC ligands that exhibit modularity was investigated in the Cu-catalyzed asymmetric borylation reaction of α,β-unsaturated esters. After screening for ligands and optimization of the reaction conditions, the corresponding products were afforded with good enantioselectivities (up to 85% ee).

Metalloprotease-dependent onset of blood circulation in zebrafish.

The primitive blood circulation requires intravascular plasma flow. However, it remains unclear whether the onset of earliest blood circulation is dependent solely on establishment of a functional circulatory organ or whether it also requires active processes inherent in blood cells. In this study, we present novel mechanisms for the onset of blood circulation by monitoring fluorescently labeled blood precursors and blood vessels in zebrafish.