Evolutionary Insights into Irisin/FNDC5: Roles in Aging and Disease from to Mammals.

The Irisin/FNDC5 protein family has emerged as a pivotal link between exercise and the prevention of age-associated diseases. Irisin is highly expressed during exercise from skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, playing a critical role in mediating systemic health benefits through its actions on various tissues. However, Irisin levels decline with age, correlating with a heightened incidence of diseases such as muscle weakness, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegeneration.

Transcription factor RUNX1 regulates coagulation factor XIII-A (): decreased platelet-megakaryocyte expression and clot contraction in haplodeficiency.

Background: Germline haplodeficiency (RHD) is associated with thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and predisposition to myeloid malignancies. Platelet expression profiling of an RHD patient showed decreased , encoding for the A subunit of factor (F)XIII a transglutaminase that cross-links fibrin and induces clot stabilization. FXIII-A is synthesized by hematopoietic cells, megakaryocytes, and monocytes.

Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Retinal Imaging and Urine Dipstick Data: Multimodal Deep Learning Approach.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent condition with significant global health implications. Early detection and management are critical to prevent disease progression and complications. Deep learning (DL) models using retinal images have emerged as potential noninvasive screening tools for CKD, though their performance may be limited, especially in identifying individuals with proteinuria and in specific subgroups.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Who Is At Risk?

Introduction: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a rare but well recognized complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with increased morbidity and poor clinical outcomes. There is a scarcity of literature describing the prevalence and risk factors associated with this complication. The aim of this study was to identify patients who are at risk of developing TCM in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Light Quality Plays a Crucial Role in Regulating Germination, Photosynthetic Efficiency, Plant Development, Reactive Oxygen Species Production, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, and Nutrient Acquisition in Alfalfa.

Light is a vital regulator of photosynthesis, energy production, plant growth, and morphogenesis. Although these key physiological processes are well understood, the effects of light quality on the pigment content, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant defense systems, and biomass yield of plants remain largely unexplored. In this study, we applied different light-emitting diode (LED) treatments, including white light, red light, blue light, and a red+blue (1:1) light combination, to evaluate the traits mentioned above in alfalfa ( L.

Transcription Factor RUNX1 Regulates Coagulation Factor XIII-A ( ): Decreased Platelet-Megakaryocyte Expression and Clot Contraction in Haplodeficiency.

Background: Germline haplodeficiency (RHD) is associated with thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction and predisposition to myeloid malignancies. Platelet expression profiling of a RHD patient showed decreased encoding for the A subunit of factor XIII, a transglutaminase that cross-links fibrin and induces clot stabilization. FXIII-A is synthesized by hematopoietic cells, megakaryocytes and monocytes.

Changes in microbial dynamics and fermentation characteristics of alfalfa silage: A potent approach to mitigate greenhouse gas emission through high-quality forage silage.

Feeding ruminants with high-quality forage can enhance digestibility and reduce methane production. Development of high-quality silage from leguminous plants with lactic acid bacteria can improve digestibility and it mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we developed a high-quality alfalfa silage with improved fermentation index and microbial dynamics using Levilactobacillus brevis-KCC-44 at low or high moisture (LM/HM) conditions and preserved it for 75 or 150 days.

Studies of infused megakaryocytes into mice support a "catch-and-release" model of pulmonary-centric thrombopoiesis.

Unlabelled: Many aspects of thrombopoiesis, the release of platelets from megakaryocytes (Mks), remain under debate, including where this process occurs. Murine lung -microscopy studies suggested that a significant fraction of circulating platelets were released from lung-entrapped, marrow-derived Mks. We now confirm these studies that endogenous mMks are entrapped in the lungs and show that intravenously infused -differentiated, mature murine (m) and human (h) Mks are similarly entrapped followed by shedding of their cytoplasm over ∼30 minutes with a peak number of released platelets occurring 1.

ASOptimizer: Optimizing antisense oligonucleotides through deep learning for IDO1 gene regulation.

Recent studies have highlighted the effectiveness of using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for cellular RNA regulation, including targets that are considered undruggable; however, manually designing optimal ASO sequences can be labor intensive and time consuming, which potentially limits their broader application. To address this challenge, we introduce a platform, the ASOptimizer, a deep-learning-based framework that efficiently designs ASOs at a low cost. This platform not only selects the most efficient mRNA target sites but also optimizes the chemical modifications for enhanced performance.

Brief Report: Self-Reported HIV-Positive Status but Subsequent HIV-Negative Test Results in Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Survey Participants-11 Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2015-2018.

Background: HIV testing is a critical step to accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART) because early diagnosis can facilitate earlier initiation of ART. This study presents aggregated data of individuals who self-reported being HIV-positive but subsequently tested HIV-negative during nationally representative Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment surveys conducted in 11 countries from 2015 to 2018.

Method: Survey participants aged 15 years or older were interviewed by trained personnel using a standard questionnaire to determine HIV testing history and self-reported HIV status.

Altered platelet-megakaryocyte endocytosis and trafficking of albumin and fibrinogen in RUNX1 haplodeficiency.

Platelet α-granules have numerous proteins, some synthesized by megakaryocytes (MK) and others not synthesized but incorporated by endocytosis, an incompletely understood process in platelets/MK. Germ line RUNX1 haplodeficiency, referred to as familial platelet defect with predisposition to myeloid malignancies (FPDMMs), is associated with thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and granule deficiencies. In previous studies, we found that platelet albumin, fibrinogen, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were decreased in a patient with FPDMM.

Corrigendum: Use of electroencephalogram, gait, and their combined signals for classifying cognitive impairment and normal cognition.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.

Association of plasma amyloid-β oligomerization with theta/beta ratio in older adults.

Background: Oligomeric Aβ (OAβ) is a promising candidate marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a potential tool for early detection of AD. Still, whether EEG power ratios, particularly the theta/alpha ratio (TAR) and theta/beta ratio (TBR), reflect Aβ burden-a primary mechanism underlying cognitive impairment and AD.

Altered Platelet-Megakaryocyte Endocytosis and Trafficking of Albumin and Fibrinogen in Haplodeficiency.

Unlabelled: Platelet α-granules have numerous proteins, some synthesized by megakaryocytes (MK) and others not synthesized but incorporated by endocytosis, an incompletely understood process in platelets/MK. Germline haplodeficiency, referred to as familial platelet defect with predisposition to myeloid malignancies (FPDMM), is associated with thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction and granule deficiencies. In previous studies, we found that platelet albumin, fibrinogen and IgG levels were decreased in a FPDMM patient.

Correlation between electrodiagnostic severity and Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire in surgically treated carpal tunnel syndrome patients.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate whether electrodiagnostic (EDX) findings reflect the preoperative symptom severity and functional impairment in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and (2) evaluate the relationship between EDX findings and the clinical outcomes reported according to the self-administered patient questionnaires.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with idiopathic CTS who underwent carpal tunnel release between May 2016 and July 2018 were included. Carpal tunnel syndrome was clinically diagnosed and confirmed based on the EDX findings.

Limited output transcranial electrical stimulation 2023 (LOTES-2023): Updates on engineering principles, regulatory statutes, and industry standards for wellness, over-the-counter, or prescription devices with low risk.

The objective and scope of this Limited Output Transcranial Electrical Stimulation 2023 (LOTES-2023) guidance is to update the previous LOTES-2017 guidance. These documents should therefore be considered together. The LOTES provides a clearly articulated and transparent framework for the design of devices providing limited output (specified low-intensity range) transcranial electrical stimulation for a variety of intended uses.

Gene silencing dynamics are modulated by transiently active regulatory elements.

Transcriptional enhancers have been extensively characterized, but cis-regulatory elements involved in acute gene repression have received less attention. Transcription factor GATA1 promotes erythroid differentiation by activating and repressing distinct gene sets. Here, we study the mechanism by which GATA1 silences the proliferative gene Kit during murine erythroid cell maturation and define stages from initial loss of activation to heterochromatinization.

Misperception of body weight and associated socioeconomic and health-related factors among Korean female adults: A nationwide population-based study.

Background: Misperception of body weight is associated with various psychological and health problems, including obesity, eating disorders, and mental problems. To date, female-specific risk factors, including socioeconomic or health-related lifestyle features, or their indicative performance for the misperception in Asian women according to age groups remain unknown.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for the mismatch in self-perceived body weight and evaluated the classification performance of the identified risk factors across age groups in female adults.

Nitric oxide acts as an inducer of Strategy-I responses to increase Fe availability and mobilization in Fe-starved broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. oleracea).

Iron (Fe) deficiency causes reduced growth and yield in broccoli. This study elucidates how sodium nitroprusside (SNP), known as nitric oxide (NO) donor, mitigates the retardation caused by Fe deficiency in broccoli. The SNP caused substantial nitric oxide accumulation in the roots of Fe-deficient plants, which resulted in a significant improvement in chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic efficiency, and morphological growth parameters, showing that it has a favorable influence on recovering broccoli health.

Regulation of Na/H exchangers, Na/K transporters, and lignin biosynthesis genes, along with lignin accumulation, sodium extrusion, and antioxidant defense, confers salt tolerance in alfalfa.

Accumulation of high sodium (Na) leads to disruption of metabolic processes and decline in plant growth and productivity. Therefore, this study was undertaken to clarify how Na/H exchangers and Na/K transporter genes contribute to Na homeostasis and the substantial involvement of lignin biosynthesis genes in salt tolerance in alfalfa ( L.), which is poorly understood.

The weekend effect on mechanical thrombectomy: A nationwide analysis before and after the pivotal 2015 trials.

Objectives: As hospitals rapidly implement mechanical thrombectomy (MT) into stroke protocols following the pivotal trials in 2015, access to and outcomes from MT may be poorer for weekend-admitted patients. We sought to investigate whether a "weekend effect" influences MT outcomes nationally.

Materials And Methods: We identified stroke patients from 2010-2014 (pre-trials) to 2015-2017 (posttrials) using the Nationwide Readmissions Database.

RUNX1-deficient human megakaryocytes demonstrate thrombopoietic and platelet half-life and functional defects.

Heterozygous defects in runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) are causative of a familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancy (FPDMM). Because RUNX1-deficient animal models do not mimic bleeding disorder or leukemic risk associated with FPDMM, development of a proper model system is critical to understanding the underlying mechanisms of the observed phenotype and to identifying therapeutic interventions. We previously reported an in vitro megakaryopoiesis system comprising human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that recapitulated the FPDMM quantitative megakaryocyte defect through a decrease in RUNX1 expression via a lentiviral short hairpin RNA strategy.

Computational modeling of posteroanterior lumbar traction by an automated massage bed: predicting intervertebral disc stresses and deformation.

Spinal traction is a physical intervention that provides constant or intermittent stretching axial force to the lumbar vertebrae to gradually distract spinal tissues into better alignment, reduce intervertebral disc (IVD) pressure, and manage lower back pain (LBP). However, such axial traction may change the normal lordotic curvature, and result in unwanted side effects and/or inefficient reduction of the IVD pressure. An alternative to axial traction has been recently tested, consisting of posteroanterior (PA) traction in supine posture, which was recently shown effective to increase the intervertebral space and lordotic angle using MRI.