Albuminuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate for predicting the renal outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients.

Aim: The first clinical manifestation of diabetic kidney disease is usually the development of microalbuminuria. However, recent studies have focused on diabetic patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) without albuminuria. To evaluate the association of albuminuria and GFR with renal outcomes, we performed an observational study.

Association of serum bilirubin levels with development and progression of albuminuria, and decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims/introduction: Recent observational studies suggest elevated levels of bilirubin, an endogenous anti-oxidant, might protect against kidney disease. We carried out an observational cohort study to assess whether higher baseline levels of bilirubin, within normal range, could predict the rate of development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with normo- or microalbuminuria and normal serum bilirubin (<1.

Obesity as an effect modifier of the association between leptin and diabetic kidney disease.

Aims/introduction: Obesity has been shown to be a modifier of the association between leptin levels and cardiovascular events. We examined whether obesity modifies the association between serum leptin levels and the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

Materials And Methods: This was an observational longitudinal study on patients with type 2 diabetes.

Non-linear association between ankle-brachial pressure index and prevalence of silent cerebral infarction in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), defined as having low ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI), have increased risk for incident stroke compared with those without PAD. We aimed to reveal whether ABI abnormality, especially high ABI is associated with prevalent silent cerebral infarction (SCI) in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: We studied 538 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients, 227 women and 311 men, with a mean [±SD] age of 64±11 years.

Fluctuations in HbA1c are associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Unlabelled: Aims/Introduction:  To reveal whether visit-to-visit variability in HbA1c is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods:   The study was conducted on 689 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes [295 women, 394 men; mean (±standard deviations (SD)) age 65 ± 11 years]. Variability in HbA1c was evaluated as the intrapersonal SD of serial measurements of HbA1c during the follow-up period for at least 12 months.

Association of serum leptin levels with progression of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To clarify the association of serum leptin levels with progression of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design And Methods: This was an observational cohort study of 668 patients with T2D. Patients were classified into three groups by sex-specific tertile of leptin levels.

Arterial stiffness is associated with incident albuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate in type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective: To investigate the association between aortic stiffness and incident albuminuria and the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We investigated 461 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients, comprising 199 women and 262 men, with a mean age of 59 ± 11 years. Patients were divided into two groups according to the median value of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), which was used to evaluate aortic stiffness.

Gender differences in the association between HDL cholesterol and the progression of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: The impact of serum lipid abnormalities on the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains conflicting. Furthermore, gender differences in the association between dyslipidaemia and outcome of DKD are largely unknown. We therefore conducted this single-centre observational cohort study to clarify gender differences in the association between serum lipid profiles and the progression of DKD.

Association of albuminuria and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate with incident stroke and coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

It is unclear whether albuminuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) independently increase the risk of incident stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Japanese patients with diabetes. We investigated the independent effects of albuminuria and estimated GFR (eGFR) on the first occurrence of stroke and CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We studied 1002 T2DM patients with eGFR (ml min⁻¹ per 1.

Silent cerebral infarction is associated with the development and progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. The relationship between renal manifestations of CKD (albuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate) and silent cerebral infarction (SCI) has attracted attention; however, most studies examined the effects of components of CKD on prevalence of SCI. We sought to assess the relationship between SCI and the development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.

Involvement of visceral fat in the pathogenesis of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes with early stage of nephropathy.

Background: Visceral obesity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Waist circumference has been used as a surrogate measure of visceral fat mass; however, subcutaneous fat mass is also correlated with waist circumference. We therefore conducted this cross-sectional study to clarify the relationship between directly measured sizes of visceral and subcutaneous fat and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Higher levels of urinary albumin excretion within the normal range predict faster decline in glomerular filtration rate in diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between albuminuria, including elevation within the normal range, and decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 5,449 Japanese diabetic patients were categorized according to sex and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR; <5, 5-9, 10-29, 30-99, 100-299, 300-999, 1,000-2,999, and > or =3,000 mg/g) and followed for at least 5 years. The rate of change in estimated GFR (eGFR) adjusted for age and baseline eGFR was compared among ACR categories.

Is a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate a risk factor for stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes?

Although chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease it is unclear whether diabetic patients with a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), independent of (micro)albuminuria, carry an increased risk of stroke. We therefore investigated the independent effect of estimated GFR (eGFR) on stroke events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We studied T2DM patients with an eGFR >or=15 ml min(-1) per 1.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine is closely associated with the development and progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study to explore the relationship between plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase, and the development and progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This was a hospital-based observational cohort study in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria [urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) <30 mg/g creatinine] or microalbuminuria (30 < or = ACR <300 mg/g creatinine).