Core-Shell Silver Nanoparticles in Endodontic Disinfection Solutions Enable Long-Term Antimicrobial Effect on Oral Biofilms.

To achieve effective long-term disinfection of the root canals, we synthesized core-shell silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@SiO) and used them to develop two irrigation solutions containing sodium phytate (SP) and ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), respectively. Ex vivo studies with instrumented root canals revealed that the developed irrigation solutions can effectively remove the smear layer from the dentinal surfaces. Further in vitro experiments with single- and multispecies biofilms demonstrated for the first time that AgNPs@SiO-based irrigation solutions possess excellent antimicrobial activities for at least 7 days, whereas the bare AgNPs lose the activity almost immediately and do not show any antibacterial activity after 2 days.

Laminar flow activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in vascular endothelial cells.

Background: Steady laminar flow is atheroprotective, in part because of its antiinflammatory effects on vascular endothelial cells (ECs). We studied the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) in ECs in response to laminar flow and the associated antiinflammatory effect.

Methods And Results: Using flow channel with cultured ECs, we found that laminar flow activated the PPARgamma-mediated PPAR-responsive element (PPRE) activity and increased the mRNA encoding CD36, a PPARgamma-targeted gene.