High-risk human papillomavirus prevalence in self-collected cervicovaginal specimens from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative women and women living with HIV living in Botswana.

Background: The prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is poorly described overall and in women living with HIV (WLWH) and HIV-negative women living in Botswana, a high HIV and cervical cancer-burden country. We conducted a pilot study of self-collection and high-risk HPV testing for cervical screening, from which data on HPV prevalence was available.

Methods: From five health facilities in the Kweneng East District, 1,022 women aged 30-49 years were enrolled to self-collect their cervicovaginal specimen for hrHPV testing by the Xpert HPV Test (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).

Feasibility and acceptability of HPV self-collection and testing using Xpert® HPV in Botswana.

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Botswana. The burden of HPV-related disease is exacerbated by the high rate of HIV infection, which has an estimated prevalence of 22.8% among adults aged 15-49.

Misdiagnosis of HIV treatment failure based on clinical and immunological criteria in Eastern and Central Kenya.

Background: Routine laboratory monitoring is part of the basic care package offered to people living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV). This paper aims to identify the proportion of PLHIVs with clinical and immunological failure who are virologically suppressed and risk being misclassified as treatment failures.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patient viral load data collected between January 2013 and June 2014 was conducted.