Pragmatic randomised controlled trial of guided self-help versus individual cognitive behavioural therapy with a trauma focus for post-traumatic stress disorder (RAPID).

Background: Guided self-help has been shown to be effective for other mental conditions and, if effective for post-traumatic stress disorder, would offer a time-efficient and accessible treatment option, with the potential to reduce waiting times and costs.

Objective: To determine if trauma-focused guided self-help is non-inferior to individual, face-to-face cognitive-behavioural therapy with a trauma focus for mild to moderate post-traumatic stress disorder to a single traumatic event.

Design: Multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled non-inferiority trial with economic evaluation to determine cost-effectiveness and nested process evaluation to assess fidelity and adherence, dose and factors that influence outcome (including context, acceptability, facilitators and barriers, measured qualitatively).

Anxiety, distress tolerance, and the relationship between complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and alcohol use in veterans.

Objectives: Little is known about whether distress tolerance and anxiety mediate the relationship between comorbid complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and alcohol use among military veterans. Here, we investigated the contribution of distress tolerance and anxiety on the strength of the CPTSD and alcohol use association. We hypothesized that the impact of a two-factor model of CPTSD derived from subscale scores on the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ)-namely ITQ PTSD and ITQ Disturbances in Self Organization (DSO; e.

Factors associated with the outcomes of a novel virtual reality therapy for military veterans with PTSD: Theory development using a mixed methods analysis.

Background: Multi-modular motion-assisted memory desensitization and reconsolidation therapy (3MDR) is a new psychological intervention for people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 3MDR is immersive, delivered in a virtual reality environment, and emphasises engagement, recollection and reprocessing.

Objective: Through a theory-driven examination of data relating to 10 out of 42 UK military veterans taking part in a trial of 3MDR, the principal objective was to explore the complex interrelationships between people, interventions and context and to investigate how factors within these domains interacted in specific outcome typologies.

Guided, internet based, cognitive behavioural therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial (RAPID).

Objective: To determine if guided internet based cognitive behavioural therapy with a trauma focus (CBT-TF) is non-inferior to individual face-to-face CBT-TF for mild to moderate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to one traumatic event.

Design: Pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial (RAPID).

Setting: Primary and secondary mental health settings across the UK's NHS.

Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 in a sample of trauma exposed mental health service users.

: PTSD self-report measures are frequently used in mental health services but very few have been evaluated in clinical samples that include civilians. The PCL-5 was developed to assess for DSM-5 PTSD. : The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PCL-5 in a sample of trauma-exposed mental health service users who were evidencing symptoms of PTSD.

Social and economic costs of gambling problems and related harm among UK military veterans.

Introduction: Military veterans are at heightened risk of problem gambling. Little is known about the costs of problem gambling and related harm among United Kingdom (UK) Armed Forces (AF) veterans. We investigated the social and economic costs of gambling among a large sample of veterans through differences in healthcare and social service resource use compared with age-matched and gender-matched non-veterans from the UK AF Veterans' Health and Gambling Study.

The reconsolidation using rewind study (RETURN): trial protocol.

An increasing body of research highlights reconsolidation-based therapies as emerging treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The Rewind Technique is a non-pharmacological reconsolidation-based therapy with promising early results, which now requires evaluation through an RCT. This is a preliminary efficacy RCT to determine if the Rewind Technique is likely to be a good candidate to test against usual care in a future pragmatic efficacy RCT.

The psychophysiological response during post-traumatic stress disorder treatment with modular motion-assisted memory desensitisation and reconsolidation (3MDR).

: Psychophysiological changes are part of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and can signal emotional engagement during psychological treatment. : The aim of this study was to explore psychophysiological responses during multi-modular motion-assisted memory desensitization and reconsolidation (3MDR) therapy. Increased self-reported distress, substantially increased heart rate (HR) and breathing rate (BR) were expected at the start of therapy and predicted to improve over time.

Internet-based psychological therapies: A qualitative study of National Health Service commissioners and managers views.

Objectives: To explore in-depth the views on Internet-based psychological therapies and their implementation from the perspective of National Health Service (NHS) commissioners and managers.

Design: Qualitative interview study.

Method: Ten NHS commissioners and managers participated in a semi-structured, co-produced interview.

Sleep disturbance in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of actigraphy studies.

Background: Sleep disturbance has been described as a 'hallmark' symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although there are robust findings of self-reported sleep disturbance in PTSD, evidence of sleep disturbance measured using actigraphy is less certain.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether there are any significant differences between individuals with and without PTSD in actigraph-derived sleep measures.

Randomized controlled trial of multi-modular motion-assisted memory desensitization and reconsolidation (3MDR) for male military veterans with treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder.

Objective: To explore the potential efficacy of multi-modular motion-assisted memory desensitization and reprocessing (3MDR) in British military veterans with treatment-resistant service-related PTSD.

Methods: Exploratory single-blind, randomized, parallel arm, cross-over controlled trial with nested process evaluation to assess fidelity, adherence and factors that influence outcome.

Results: A total of 42 participants (all male) were randomized with 83% retention at 12 weeks and 86% at 26 weeks.

Early psychological intervention following recent trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and debilitating disorder which has a significant impact on the lives of sufferers. A number of early psychological interventions have been developed to try to prevent chronic difficulties. : The objective of this study was to establish the current evidence for the effectiveness of multiple session early psychological interventions aimed at preventing or treating traumatic stress symptoms beginning within three months of trauma exposure.

Active duty and ex-serving military personnel with post-traumatic stress disorder treated with psychological therapies: systematic review and meta-analysis.

: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a major cause of morbidity amongst active duty and ex-serving military personnel. In recent years increasing efforts have been made to develop more effective treatments. : To determine which psychological therapies are efficacious in treating active duty and ex-serving military personnel with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Background: The prevention of long-term psychological distress following traumatic events is a major concern. Systematic reviews have suggested that individual psychological debriefing is not an effective intervention at preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Over the past 20 years, other forms of intervention have been developed with the aim of preventing PTSD.

Pragmatic RAndomised controlled trial of a trauma-focused guided self-help Programme versus InDividual trauma-focused cognitive Behavioural therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (RAPID): trial protocol.

Background: There is good evidence that trauma-focused therapies for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder are effective. However, they are not always feasible to deliver due a shortage of trained therapists and demands on the patient. An online trauma-focused Guided Self-Help (GSH) programme which could overcome these barriers has shown promise in a pilot study.

The role of negative cognitions, emotion regulation strategies, and attachment style in complex post-traumatic stress disorder: Implications for new and existing therapies.

Objective: We set out to investigate the association between negative trauma-related cognitions, emotional regulation strategies, and attachment style and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). As the evidence regarding the treatment of CPTSD is emerging, investigating psychological factors that are associated with CPTSD can inform the adaptation or the development of effective interventions for CPTSD.

Method: A cross-sectional design was employed.

Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Randomized controlled trial.

Background: There are numerous barriers that limit access to evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Internet-based guided self-help is a treatment option that may help widen access to effective intervention, but the approach has not been sufficiently explored for the treatment of PTSD.

Methods: Forty two adults with DSM-5 PTSD of mild to moderate severity were randomly allocated to internet-based self-help with up to 3 h of therapist assistance, or to a delayed treatment control group.

Phase I Development of an Optimal Integrated Care Pathway for Veterans Discharged From the Armed Forces.

Background: There is a lack of evidence to manage veterans with service-related mental health problems. This research aimed to develop an optimally effective, feasible, and acceptable integrated care pathway (ICP).

Methods: A prototype ICP was developed through an initial modeling phase.

Systematic review and meta-analyses of psychosocial interventions for veterans of the military.

Background: The efficacy of psychosocial therapies for common mental health disorders in veterans is unclear and requires further examination.

Method: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Twenty databases were searched.

The course of mental health disorders after a disaster: predictors and comorbidity.

Current longitudinal disaster studies usually focus only on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although some studies have shown that increased risks for other disorders and comorbidity is common. To obtain an insight into the course of postdisaster psychopathology, a community sample of survivors of the Enschede fireworks disaster was followed from 2-3 weeks to 4-years postdisaster. Diagnostic interviews (Composite International Diagnostic Interview [CIDI]; World Health Organization, 1997) and childhood stressor interviews were administered at 2-years postdisaster (n = 260); the CIDI was repeated at 4-years postdisaster (n = 201, response rate 77.

Early psychological interventions to treat acute traumatic stress symptoms.

Background: The amelioration of psychological distress following traumatic events is a major concern. Systematic reviews suggest that interventions targeted at all of those exposed to such events are not effective at preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently other forms of intervention have been developed with the aim of treating acute traumatic stress problems.

Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Background: The prevention of long-term psychological distress following traumatic events is a major concern. Systematic reviews have suggested that individual Psychological Debriefing is not an effective intervention at preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently other forms of intervention have been developed with the aim of preventing PTSD.