Clinical factors associated with progression of normal-tension glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate clinical factors associated with the progression of visual field loss in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: One hundred and ten patients with NTG whose cases were followed for more than 2 years were retrospectively analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier life table method and the Cox proportional hazards model. Several clinical factors were investigated to find a possible association with progression of glaucomatous visual field defined by two different definitions: one by mean deviation change and the other by pointwise comparison.

[Evaluation of the Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm, a new thresholding algorithm, of the Humphrey Field Analyzer in glaucoma patients].

The Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm (SITA) is a new thresholding algorithm that aims to obtain the visual fields of the same quality in a shorter examination time than the conventional up-and-down method. We investigated the correlation between the threshold values obtained by SITA and the conventional thresholding algorithm in 30 glaucoma patients. The results of two types of SITA, i.

Reproducibility of color Doppler imaging for orbital arteries in Japanese patients with normal-tension glaucoma.

The reproducibility of measurements by color Doppler imaging (CDI) were evaluated in Japanese patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Measurements were taken in the central retinal artery, the ophthalmic artery, and the short posterior ciliary arteries. Reproducibility was evaluated by calculating the coefficients of reproducibility for the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities and for the resistance index.

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness within the area of apparently normal visual field in normal-tension glaucoma with hemifield defect.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness in areas with apparently normal retinal sensitivity in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) with hemifield dominant visual field defects.

Methods: The prospective clinical study consisted of 17 eyes from 17 patients with NTG in whom superior or inferior hemifield dominant defects based on the Humphrey visual field of central 30 degrees were present, and 10 normal eyes from 10 control subjects matched in age and refractive error. The retinal NFL thickness was evaluated with a scanning laser polarimeter.

Correlation of the peripapillary atrophy area with optic disc cupping and disc hemorrhage.

Purpose: To investigate the association of the peripapillary atrophy area with disc cupping area and disc hemorrhage in subjects who underwent ocular examination as part of a routine physical examination.

Methods: We reviewed plain color fundus photographs taken of 12,140 eyes of 6,070 subjects as part of a routine health examination. The refractive error in these eyes was not known.

The effect of nilvadipine, a calcium-channel blocker, on the hemodynamics of retrobulbar vessels in normal-tension glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of nilvadipine, a calcium-channel blocker, on the hemodynamics of retrobulbar vessels in normal-tension glaucoma.

Methods: Twenty-five patients who prospectively met the enrollment criteria underwent color Doppler imaging of the retrobulbar vessels before and after receiving 4 weeks of treatment with 2 mg oral nilvadipine twice daily.

Results: Nilvadipine significantly increased the end-diastolic velocity in the central retinal artery and a short posterior ciliary artery.

Cytogenetic clonality analysis in monosomy 7 associated with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: clonality in B and NK cells, but not in T cells.

It remains unclear which lymphoid lineages are involved in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). We report a JMML patient who acquired monosomy 7 after intensive chemotherapy. In this case, the expression of monosomy 7 was analyzed in T, B and natural killer (NK) cells highly purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patient.

Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with the diode laser for neovascular glaucoma.

Background And Objective: To compare the outcome of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) using a diode laser with that of TSCPC using an Nd:YAG laser in neovascular glaucoma.

Patients And Methods: The surgical outcome of diode laser TSCPC was retrospectively compared with that of free-running mode Nd:YAG laser (FR-YAG) TSCPC and continuous-wave mode Nd:YAG laser (CW-YAG) TSCPC. Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients in the diode laser group, 9 eyes of 9 patients in the FR-YAG group, and 9 eyes of 9 patients in the CW-YAG group were treated.

[Association between watershed zone and visual field defect in normal tension glaucoma].

In order to evaluate the association between the watershed zone and glaucomatous optic damage, we performed indocyanine green fluorescence angiography with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope in 54 eyes of 27 patients with normal tension glaucoma. The visual field indices were measured with a Humphrey Field Analyzer. We identified 8 eyes (14.

Effect of trabeculectomy on visual field in progressive normal-tension glaucoma.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of surgical treatment on the visual field in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes, and associated factors for visual field progression. Thirty-two patients (32 eyes) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to correlate the visual field change with several clinical factors, such as intraocular pressure (IOP), and several IOP-unrelated parameters.

A frequency-doubling perimetric study in normal-tension glaucoma with hemifield defect.

Purpose: The authors prospectively compare perimetric results obtained by conventional differential light sensitivity (DLS) perimetry and frequency-doubling perimetry (FDP) in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) with a hemifield visual field defect, assuming that some of these eyes already have early glaucomatous changes in the "intact" hemifield.

Methods: Eleven eyes of 11 patients with NTG who met the enrollment criteria were studied. Seven eyes had an upper hemifield defect and four had a lower defect, determined by DLS with a Humphrey Field Analyzer (Zeiss-Humphrey, Inc.

An image analysis study of cataract development after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.

We prospectively measured quantitative changes in the crystalline lens after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Twenty-four eyes in 24 trabeculectomy cases were consecutively enrolled in the study. The enrollment criteria consisted of: phakic eye, no history of intraocular surgeries and no corneal opacification.

[Evaluation of the Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm, a new thresholding algorithm, of the Humphrey field analyzer in normal subjects].

The Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA) is a new thresholding algorithm that aims to obtain the same quality of visual fields in a shorter examination time than with the conventional up-and-down method. We investigated the correlation between thresholds measured with the SITA algorithm and those with the conventional up-and-down method in 47 eyes of 47 normal subjects. In each test point, thresholds with the SITA accurate and with the SITA fast showed significant correlation with those of the conventional method (r = 0.

[Diagnostic capabilities of a classification program of the Heidelberg retina tomograph for early glaucomatous changes].

We investigated the diagnostic capabilities of a new glaucoma diagnostic softwave (classification program) of the Heidelberg retina tomograph for early glaucoma. Thirty eyes of 30 patients with early glaucoma (average visual field mean deviation = -3.7 dB) and 30 eyes of 30 normal subjects were enrolled.

The efficacy of cooling on excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy in the rabbit eye.

We cooled the surface of the cornea to reduce the thermal damage by the excimer laser ablation and referred to this method as "cooling photorefractive keratectomy" (cooling PRK). We performed conventional PRK and cooling PRK on rabbits' eyes and measured the thermal change during laser ablation. We also examined the degree of subepithelial haze and the tissues with a light microscope and an electron microscope.

Temporal modulation transfer function in normal-tension glaucoma patients.

A new screening test involving the Flicker System was used to measure temporal modulation transfer function in an effort to detect early-stage glaucoma. The study involved 64 normal-tension glaucomatous eyes and 65 normal control eyes. Patients with early-stage glaucoma (stage 0-1 of the Aulhorn-Greve classification) showed a significant modulation decrease in the 20-45 Hz range, compared to the modulation in normal eyes (P < 0.

A comparative study of latanoprost (Xalatan) and isopropyl unoprostone (Rescula) in normal and glaucomatous monkey eyes.

Latanoprost (PhXA41, Xalatan) and isopropyl unoprostone (UF-021, unoprostone, Rescula) two new prostanoid derivatives, have been shown to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) significantly in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. This study was designed to compare the ocular hypotensive effects of latanoprost and unoprostone in cynomologus monkeys with glaucoma and characterizes the prostanoid's mechanisms of action in normal cynomolgus monkey eyes. Intraocular pressure was measured daily at 0, 0.

[An analysis of sclerodermatous graft-versus-host-disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: CD8+CD57+T-cell proliferation and increased production of TGF-beta].

A 19-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia received an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an HLA-identical sibling during the second remission, on September 28, 1993. The conditioning regimen consisted of total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide. Short term methotrexate and cyclosporin A were given for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Incidence of elevation of intraocular pressure over time and associated factors in normal-tension glaucoma.

Purpose: The authors determine whether intraocular pressure (IOP) increases to levels that challenge the diagnosis of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and determine clinical factors associated with the IOP elevation.

Methods: Forty patients with NTG who met the following enrollment criteria were selected: IOPs less than 21 mm Hg during initial 24-hour pressure curve and throughout the subsequent 12 months; examined every 1 to 4 months for at least 4 years; and no ocular hypotensive treatment. The eye with the higher mean IOP during the initial 24-hour pressure curve was selected from each patient.

Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on intraocular pressure and ocular inflammation following laser irradiation in rabbits.

Purpose: To examine the effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular inflammation following laser irradiation of the rabbit iris, and to investigate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO).

Methods: Thirty min after the intravenous administration of a nonselective inhibitor of NOS, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 1-100 mg/kg), or a selective inhibitor of iNOS, aminoguanidine (AG, 100 mg/kg), Q-switched Nd:YAG laser irradiation was applied to the iris of albino rabbits at an energy level of 48 mJ. IOP was measured prior to and for 24 h after irradiation.

Vascular pathogenesis of normal-tension glaucoma: a possible pathogenetic factor, other than intraocular pressure, of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Elevated intraocular pressure is significant in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in glaucoma, however a number of studies suggest that pressure-independent factor(s) are also associated with the pathogenesis. In this article, the significance of vascular pathogenesis in glaucoma is discussed. A brief overview of substances used to treat glaucoma, independent of an effect on intraocular pressure, such as calcium channel blockers, is also discussed.

[The effect of carbon dioxide on intraorbital hemodynamics in glaucoma determined by color Doppler imaging].

We developed a new system to safely supply carbon dioxide (CO2) to man to investigate the effect of the gas vasodilator on orbital blood flow in open angle glaucoma (OAG) patients. Using the system, we determined orbital hemodynamics in OAG by color Doppler imaging (CDI) at baseline conditions and during CO2 supplementation sufficient to increase end-tidal CO2% by 10%. Seven OAG patients (mean age, 60.

Incidence of delayed onset infection after trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C or 5-fluorouracil treatment.

Aims/background: The introduction of the adjunctive use of antiproliferatives to trabeculectomy has greatly improved the success rate of this operation. Trabeculectomy with antiproliferative treatment, however, is usually associated with a cystic and thin walled filtering bleb, which may be more susceptible to infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical findings, and risk factors of delayed onset, bleb related infection after trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.