Persistent Depression of the Lambda Site with Progressive Skull Deformity May Be a Sign of Suture Closure: Case Series and Pathologic Consideration.

Background: Flat head syndrome (FHS) sometimes occurs when a baby maintains the same head position during the first several months of life, causing a skull deformity. FHS usually improves with time and natural growth, although some show aggravation against conservative treatment. We reviewed pathologically proved early closure of skull suture that may be seen secondary to FHS.

Atypical sagittal suture craniosynostosis: pathological considerations for early closure of the anterior part of the sagittal suture.

Sagittal suture synostosis is one of the most common craniosynostoses and is often diagnosed by characteristic narrow and long skull shape, scaphocephaly. However, some patients with sagittal suture synostosis do not present with typical scaphocephaly, making early diagnosis difficult. In this study, five cases of characteristic skull deformity showing a narrowing of the cranium posterior to the coronal suture on computed tomography (CT) are presented.

Usefulness of central radiologic review in clinical trials of children with hepatoblastoma.

Background: No previous research papers have reported a comparative survey of local radiologic diagnoses and central review in children with hepatoblastoma.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of central review of children with hepatoblastoma enrolled in a clinical trial.

Materials And Methods: The study included 91 children enrolled in a clinical trial conducted by the Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumor.

"Follow the Fallopian tube": A technique to improve sonographic identification of ovaries in children.

Ovary detection is the first step in confirming ovarian lesions. The daughter cyst sign is widely used for this purpose; however, it is not always applicable. Recent improvements in image resolution allow Fallopian tube delineation, which can serve as a guide to identify the ovary.

Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis on the shoulder: A case report with MRI findings.

Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis is a rare disease, and its magnetic resonance imaging features have not been reported. A 1-year-old male infant was admitted to our hospital for examination of a mass on his right shoulder. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hypertrophic skin and a lipomatous subcutaneous mass, consistent with a hamartoma-like lesion or mesenchymal tumor; after surgery, the tumor was pathologically diagnosed as nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis.

Usefulness of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values for Diagnosis of Infantile Hemangioma.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained from diffusion-weighted imaging allow differentiation between infantile hemangiomas (IHs) and malignant soft tissue tumors.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on magnetic resonance images of pediatric patients with IHs and malignant soft tissue tumors from January 2014 to December 2016, which comprised 7 patients with 8 IHs and 6 patients with 6 malignant soft tissue tumors. We calculated and compared the ADC values of each lesion.

Dynamic Compression-A New and Practical Technique for the Sonographic Diagnosis of Enteric Duplication.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the utility of dynamic compression and other sonographic signs in diagnosing enteric duplication.

Methods: This study reviewed real-time sonographic findings from ultrasound examinations performed by the author between April 2015 and March 2017, including 4 consecutive cases of enteric duplication and 7 cases of other abdominal cysts (control group). The ability of dynamic compression to separate the lesion from the adjacent intestine was analyzed, as were other sonographic signs, including the 5-layer sign, peristalsis, and the split-wall sign.

Plicae palmatae on MRI in the pediatric population.

Purpose: To examine the presence of ridge of plicae palmatae (RPP) in pediatric population and evaluate its depiction rate and appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Consecutive pelvic MRI examinations of female patients aged 0-19 years between January 2005 and April 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with underlying diseases affecting the uterus and whose MRI data were not available on the picture archiving and communication system were excluded.

Image quality and radiation dose of low-tube-voltage CT with reduced contrast media for right adrenal vein imaging.

Objectives: To compare image quality and radiation dose of right adrenal vein (RAV) imaging computed tomography (CT) among conventional, low kV, and low kV with reduced contrast medium protocols.

Methods: One-hundred-and-twenty patients undergoing adrenal CT were randomly assigned to one of three protocols: contrast dose of 600mgI/kg at 120-kV tube voltage setting (600-120 group), 600mgI/kg at 80kV (600-80 group), and 360mgI/kg at 80kV (360-80 group). Iterative reconstruction was used for 80-kV groups.

Plicae palmatae in neonates: tumor mimic on sonography.

Plicae palmatae are uterine cervical folds that can be misdiagnosed as a uterine septum on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Previous studies in the literature generally tend to include only adults and are limited to MRI findings. Here, we present the case of a 6-day-old girl with a tumorous lesion in her uterine isthmus on sonography.

Ultrasonography of pediatric urogenital emergencies: review of classic and new techniques.

Urogenital emergencies are fairly common in the pediatric population, and a timely and correct diagnosis is necessary to avoid possible future infertility. In this field, ultrasonography is essential, as it has the advantages of being radiation-free and readily accessible. In particular, a high-frequency transducer allows precise evaluation of the morphology and vascularity of the scrotum, which is on the surface of the body.

A case of absence of extrahepatic portal bifurcation in biliary atresia.

The absence of extrahepatic portal bifurcation is a rare anomaly and is considered to be caused by anomalous development of the portal vessels early in fetal life. The portal system develops from two main fetal vessels, the left umbilical vein and right vitelline vein. An anomalous connection of these two vessels early in fetal life results in the absence of bifurcation of the portal vein.

Differentiation of femoral and inguinal hernias on the basis of anteroposterior relationship to the inguinal ligament on multidimensional computed tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether multidimensional computed tomography (MDCT) can be used to differentiate between types of groin hernias, specifically femoral and inguinal hernias, based on their anteroposterior relationship to the inguinal ligament.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 75 groin hernias of 71 patients, including 28 femoral and 47 inguinal hernias. We diagnosed hernias prolapsing anterior to the inguinal ligament as inguinal hernias and those passing posterior to the ligament as femoral hernias.

Perforated and nonperforated appendicitis: defect in enhancing appendiceal wall--depiction with multi-detector row CT.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the accuracy of multi-detector row helical computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast material and without oral contrast material for depiction of perforated appendicitis.

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board; informed consent was waived. CT images in 102 patients (60 male patients, 42 female patients; age range, 4-82 years; mean age, 37.

Types and frequencies of biliary tract variations associated with a major portal venous anomaly: analysis with multi-detector row CT cholangiography.

Purpose: To retrospectively determine whether major portal venous variation was more frequently associated with biliary variants, with consideration of the types and frequencies of biliary tract variations in the right and left liver lobes.

Materials And Methods: Before undergoing computed tomographic (CT) cholangiography, patients gave informed consent. The retrospective research protocol was approved, and informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.

Heterogeneity of subvesical ducts or the ducts of Luschka: a study using drip-infusion cholangiography-computed tomography in patients and cadaver specimens.

The objective of this study was to examine the heterogeneity of the subvesical duct or the ducts of Luschka as well as the reliability of drip-infusion cholangiography with computed tomography (DIC-CT) for their identification. DIC-CT was used in 277 consecutive patients (135 men, 142 women) and for the dissection and histologic study of 10 cadaver livers. We found 32 subvesical ducts in 28 (10.

Spiegel's lobe bile ducts often drain into the right hepatic duct or its branches: study using drip-infusion cholangiography-computed tomography in 179 consecutive patients.

Using drip-infusion cholangiography-computed tomography (DIC-CT), we successfully identified the bile ducts draining the caudate lobe in 138 of 179 consecutive patients with extrahepatic cholelithiasis (179 ducts from Spiegel's lobe and 154 from the paracaval portion; 1-5 ducts per patient). The dorsal subsegmental duct of S8 (B8c) was often identified and could be discriminated from the paracaval caudate ducts, thus acting as a landmark for the right margin of the caudate lobe. Notably, in more than one-third of the 138 patients, at least one of the Spiegel's lobe ducts drained into the right hepatic duct or its branches (30.

Diffuse hepatic angiosarcoma with a portal venous supply mimicking hemangiomatosis.

We report a case of diffuse hepatic angiosarcoma. Dynamic computed tomography (CT) showed gradual contrast enhancement and homogeneity in the late phase. The tumor was homogeneously hypointense on T1-weighted imaging and hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging, mimicking hemangiomatosis.

[Large hiatus hernia compressing the heart and impairing the respiratory function: a case report].

A 76-year-old female presented with a large hiatus hernia with intrathoracic stomach manifesting as severe exertion dyspnea. She had no cardiac or pulmonary disease, and neither anemia nor cyanosis, but respiratory function was mildly impaired. Chest roentogenography showed a large abnormal shadow overlapping the lower half of the heart.

Two cases of thoracopancreatic fistula in alcoholic pancreatitis: clinical and CT findings.

We report two patients who were long-time habitual consumers of alcohol and suffered from thoracopancreatic fistula. The first patient, a 52-year-old man with no symptoms, underwent chest CT scan for a medical check-up and was revealed to have left small pleural effusion. A month later, he suddenly experienced severe cough and back pain.