Management of follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most common histological type of thyroid carcinoma. This review aims to summarize the available evidence and guidelines and provide an updated consensus regarding the management of FTC. The cytoarchitectural features of FTC are similar to those of follicular adenoma (FA), and it is difficult to preoperatively distinguish between FA and FTC.

Active surveillance vs. surgery in low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients and the risk of loss to follow-up.

Background: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) management has evolved, with active surveillance (AS) gaining prominence as a management option. However, a key concern for both clinicians and patients is the potential for patient loss to follow-up during AS.

Aims: This study aimed to determine adherence and loss-to-follow-up rates in low-risk PTMC patients undergoing AS versus surgical intervention, in order to gain insights into clinical pathways and safety profiles.

Macrophages modulate mesenchymal stem cell function via tumor necrosis factor alpha in tooth extraction model.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages collaboratively contribute to bone regeneration after injury. However, detailed mechanisms underlying the interaction between MSCs and inflammatory macrophages (M1) remain unclear. A macrophage-depleted tooth extraction model was generated in 5-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice using clodronate liposome (12.

Polyethylene Biodegradation by an Artificial Bacterial Consortium: Rhodococcus as a Competitive Plastisphere Species.

Polyethylene (PE), a widely used recalcitrant synthetic polymer, is a major global pollutant. PE has very low biodegradability due to its rigid C-C backbone and high hydrophobicity. Although microorganisms have been suggested to possess PE-degrading enzymes, our understanding of the PE biodegradation process and its overall applicability is still lacking.

Local E-rhBMP-2/β-TCP Application Rescues Osteocyte Dendritic Integrity and Reduces Microstructural Damage in Alveolar Bone Post-Extraction in MRONJ-like Mouse Model.

The pathology of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), often associated with antiresorptive therapy, is still not fully understood. Osteocyte networks are known to play a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis and repair, but the exact condition of these networks in MRONJ is unknown. On the other hand, the local application of E-coli-derived Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/β-Tricalcium phosphate (E-rhBMP-2/β-TCP) has been shown to promote bone regeneration and mitigate osteonecrosis in MRONJ-like mouse models, indicating its potential therapeutic application for the treatment of MRONJ.

Inverse genetics tracing the differentiation pathway of human chondrocytes.

Objective: Mammalian somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via the forced expression of Yamanaka reprogramming factors. However, only a limited population of the cells that pass through a particular pathway can metamorphose into iPSCs, while the others do not. This study aimed to clarify the pathways that chondrocytes follow during the reprogramming process.

Transcriptional Regulation of Methanol Dehydrogenases in the Methanotrophic Bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus Bath by Soluble and Insoluble Lanthanides.

The effects of soluble and insoluble lanthanides on gene expression in Methylococcus capsulatus Bath were investigated. Genes for lanthanide-containing methanol dehydrogenases (XoxF-MDHs) and their calcium-containing counterparts (MxaFI-MDHs) were up- and down-regulated, respectively, by supplementation with soluble lanthanide chlorides, indicating that M. capsulatus has the "lanthanide switch" observed in other methanotrophs.

The importance of early-stage blood pressure control in thyroid cancer patients treated with lenvatinib from the perspective of dose intensity.

Purpose: Lenvatinib (LEN) is a multikinase inhibitor that strongly inhibits tyrosine kinase receptors, especially VEGFR-2, which can cause hypertension, as well as strong tumor shrinkage. Though control of any side effects (SEs) is important for maintaining dose intensity (DI), hypertension is particularly important, because blood pressure (BP) can change quickly and respond to LEN administration and withdrawal, and it can be controlled with antihypertensive medications. Focusing on the early phase of treatment, the effect of BP 8 weeks after LEN initiation (BP) on DI at 8 weeks (DI) was investigated.

Role of the Degree of Vascular Invasion in Predicting Prognosis of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma.

Objective: The present study investigated the prognostic factors for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) with the incorporation of the histologic subtype and degree of vascular invasion (VI).

Patients: The records of 474 patients with FTC confirmed by surgical specimens at Ito Hospital from January 2005 to December 2014 were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and distant metastasis-free survival.

New Insights on the Importance of the Extent of Vascular Invasion in Widely Invasive Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between the extent of vascular invasion (VI) and the outcome of widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma (WI-FTC).

Methods: The records of 107 patients with WI-FTC confirmed by surgical specimens from January 2005 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Among the 107 patients with WI-FTC, those with a VI of < 4 (n = 62) and ≥ 4 (n = 45) had a 10 year cause-specific survival (CSS) rate of 97.

Self-cloning of the Catalase Gene in Environmental Isolates Improves Their Colony-forming Abilities on Agar Media.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) inhibits microbial growth at a specific concentration. However, we previously isolated two environmental bacterial strains that exhibited sensitivity to a lower HO concentration in agar plates. Putative catalase genes, which degrade HO, were detected in their genomes.

Role of Surgery in Patients with Stage IE Primary Thyroid MALT Lymphoma Staged by a Modified Classification System: The Tokyo Classification.

Purposes: To establish the appropriate staging system and assess the role of curative thyroidectomy alone (Surgery) vs. involved-site radiation therapy after open biopsy (OB-ISRT) in stage IE mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.

Methods: We examined the Tokyo Classification as a modified classification.

Development of Efficient Genome-Reduction Tool Based on Cre/ System in .

has been extensively studied for its excellent ability to degrade artificial chemicals and its capability to synthesize biosurfactants and antibiotics. In recent years, studies have attempted to use as a gene expression host. Various genetic tools, such as plasmid vectors, transposon mutagenesis, and gene disruption methods have been developed for use in ; however, no effective method has been reported for performing large-size genome reduction.

Genome Sequences of Bacteria OS-1 and OS-4, Two Highly HO-Sensitive Strains Isolated from Pond Water.

The bacterial strains OS-1 and OS-4 were isolated from pond water and were found to be highly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide in the agar plates. Here, we report the nearly complete and complete genome sequences, respectively, of these two strains.

Evaluation of factors predicting postoperative recurrence and metastasis of parathyroid cancer: a single-center study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the postoperative clinical course of parathyroid carcinoma to determine factors that predict postoperative recurrence and distant metastasis.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 38 patients with parathyroid carcinoma who received surgical intervention at Itoh Hospital between 1979 and 2020. Clinicopathologic characteristics (age, sex, intact PTH, serum Ca level, operation type, parathyroid weight, parathyroid size, histopathologic findings: vascular invasion, capsular invasion, necrosis, histological type, and Ki-67 staining) were used.

Critical Effect of HO in the Agar Plate on the Growth of Laboratory and Environmental Strains.

We previously showed that autoclaving in preparing agar media is one of the sources of hydrogen peroxide (HO) in the medium. This medium-embedded HO was shown to lower the total colony count of environmental microorganisms. However, the critical concentrations of HO detrimental to colony formation on the agar plate remain largely undetermined.

Complete Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus erythropolis JCM 2895, an Antibiotic Protein-Producing Strain.

The complete genome sequence of Rhodococcus erythropolis JCM 2895, an antibiotic protein-producing strain, was determined. It consists of a 6,455,263-bp chromosome, one linear plasmid (pR09L01 [227,989 bp]), and three circular plasmids (pR09C01 [79,600 bp], pREC01 [5,420 bp], and pREC02 [5,444 bp]).

Impact of Local Control on Clinical Course in Stage IVC Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: The present study investigated the association between local resection and cause of death in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) patients with stage IVC disease.

Methods: A total of 54 ATC patients with stage IVC disease were included in the study. Information including patient characteristics, laboratory data including complete blood count, treatment, and death were collected for analysis.