[D2 and D3 lymph node dissection for colon cancer].

Objective: To evaluate surgical and oncological results of standard and extended lymph node dissection (D2 and D3) in patients with colon cancer.

Material And Methods: We analyzed treatment outcomes in 74 patients with colon cancer stage T1-4aN0-2M0 who underwent right- and left-sided hemicolectomy, resection of sigmoid colon with standard and extended lymph node dissection (D2 and D3).

Results: Surgical approach and level of D3 lymph node dissection did not increase intra- and postoperative morbidity.

Machine Learning Meets Cancer.

The role of machine learning (a part of artificial intelligence-AI) in the diagnosis and treatment of various types of oncology is steadily increasing. It is expected that the use of AI in oncology will speed up both diagnostic and treatment planning processes. This review describes recent applications of machine learning in oncology, including medical image analysis, treatment planning, patient survival prognosis, and the synthesis of drugs at the point of care.

Alkylresorcinols as New Modulators of the Metabolic Activity of the Gut Microbiota.

Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are polyphenolic compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activities and are potentially involved in the regulation of host metabolism. The present study aims to establish whether ARs can be produced by the human gut microbiota and to evaluate alterations in content in stool samples as well as metabolic activity of the gut microbiota of C57BL, , and LDLR (-/-) mice according to diet specifications and olivetol (5-n-pentylresorcinol) supplementation to estimate the regulatory potential of ARs. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection was used to quantitatively analyse AR levels in mouse stool samples; faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from human donors to germ-free mice was performed to determine whether the intestinal microbiota could produce AR molecules; metagenome sequencing analysis of the mouse gut microbiota followed by reconstruction of its metabolic activity was performed to investigate olivetol's regulatory potential.

[Strangulated postoperative diaphragmatic hernia].

We present a rare case of postoperative diaphragmatic hernia in a patient with colon infringement 3 years after surgery for cardioesophageal cancer accompanied by extensive diaphragmotomy. The diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia with colon infringement was based on a combination of anamnestic, clinical and radiological data, as well as results of diagnostic pleural puncture. This clinical case is of interest due to small incidence of disease and difficult interpretation of clinical and diagnostic data.

Elevation of truncated (48 kDa) form of unconventional myosin 1C in blood serum correlates with severe Covid-19.

In Covid-19 and autoimmune patients, there are several similarities revealed in the immune responses (Liu et al., 2021; Woodruff et al., 2020).

Regulatory network of competitively interacting RNAs and effectiveness of rectal tumors radiotherapy.

Background: Currently, rectal tumors radiotherapy effectiveness reaches an acceptable level only in a small number of patients (they have a complete clinical response), which is associated with the formation of malignant cells radioresistance. A comprehensive study that integrates various epigenetic parameters would explain a number of molecular mechanisms of rectal tumor cells radioresistance and identify new bio-markers. In the last decade, using high-through-put sequencing, the competitively interacting RNAs regulatory network (long non-coding RNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs) has been shown.

[Results of redo liver resections for metastatic colorectal cancer].

Objective: To analyze patients undergoing redo liver resections for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Material And Methods: The study included 14 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent several redo liver resections for metastatic lesions between September 2011 and June 2021. Mean age of patients was 63.

[Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: potential of minimally invasive surgical interventions].

Objective: To analyze the issue of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and potential of minimally invasive surgical interventions.

Material And Methods: We analyzed postoperative outcomes in 97 patients with gastric and intestinal GISTs who underwent surgical treatment at the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology between 2015 and 2020.

Results: Twenty (24.

[Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma localized in pharyngeal-esophageal diverticulum].

Squamous cell carcinoma in Zenker's diverticulum was first described in 1933. No large studies have yet been conducted due to rarity of this disease. There are a lot of unresolved issues regarding diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.

Signaling pathways and therapeutic approaches in glioblastoma multiforme (Review).

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor and is associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Despite the progress in the understanding of the molecular and genetic changes that promote tumorigenesis, effective treatment options are limited. The present review intended to identify and summarize major signaling pathways and genetic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of GBM, as well as therapies that target these pathways.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biodistribution of GdF:Tb@RB Nanocomposites.

Herein we report the development of a nanocomposite for X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) and computed tomography (CT) based on PEG-capped GdF:Tb scintillating nanoparticles conjugated with Rose Bengal photosensitizer via electrostatic interactions. Scintillating GdF:Tb nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile and cost-effective wet chemical precipitation method. All synthesized nanoparticles had an elongated "spindle-like" clustered morphology with an orthorhombic structure.

[Surgical treatment of bilateral metachronous primary multiple non-small cell lung cancer using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation].

Lung surgeries following pneumonectomy using veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) are described in the literature. The authors report a 62-year-old man with bilateral metachronous primary multiple lung cancer after previous extended lower lobectomy combined with sublobar resection of the upper lobe for squamous cell carcinoma of the left lung. Despite satisfactory functional status and heart function, the patient had poor lung function.

Prognostic role and biologic features of Musashi-2 expression in colon polyps and during colorectal cancer progression.

Background: The RNA-binding protein Musashi-2 (MSI2) controls the translation of proteins that support stem cell identity and lineage determination and is associated with progression in some cancers. We assessed MSI2 as potential clinical biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) and tubulovillous adenoma (TA) of colon mucosa.

Methods: We assessed 125 patients, of whom 20 had polyps of the colon (TAs), and 105 had CRC.

Musashi 2 (MSI2) expression as an independent prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Background: Musashi-2 (MSI2) is a member of RNA-binding protein family that regulates mRNA translation of numerous intracellular targets and influences maintenance of stem cell identity. This study assessed MSI2 as a potential clinical biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: The current study included 40 patients with NSCLC, of whom one presented with stage 1, 14 presented with stage II, 15 presented with stage III, and 10 patients had stage IV.

Isolation and identification in human blood serum of the proteins possessing the ability to bind with 48 kDa form of unconventional myosin 1c and their possible diagnostic and prognostic value.

We firstly identified 48 kDa molecular form of the unconventional myosin 1c (p48/Myo1C), and isolated it from blood serum of multiple sclerosis patients. The amount of p48/Myo1C in human blood serum correlated with some autoimmune, hemato-oncological and neurodegenerative diseases and thus may serve as a potential molecular biomarker. The biological functions of this protein in human blood remain unknown.

Plant Defensins from a Structural Perspective.

Plant defensins form a family of proteins with a broad spectrum of protective activities against fungi, bacteria, and insects. Furthermore, some plant defensins have revealed anticancer activity. In general, plant defensins are non-toxic to plant and mammalian cells, and interest in using them for biotechnological and medicinal purposes is growing.

Nanocomposites for X-Ray Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been known as an effective method for treating surface cancer tissues. Although this technique is widely used in modern medicine, some novel approaches for deep lying tumors have to be developed. Recently, deeper penetration of X-rays into tissues has been implemented, which is now known as X-ray photodynamic therapy (XPDT).

Identification of new candidate genes and signalling pathways associated with the development of neuroendocrine pancreatic tumours based on next generation sequencing data.

Despite advances in classification, treatment, and imaging, neuroendocrine tumours remain a clinically complex subject. In this work, we studied the genetic profile of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) in a cohort of Caucasian patients and analysed the signalling pathways and candidate genes potentially associated with the development of this oncological disease. Twenty-four formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of well-differentiated PanNETs were subjected to massive parallel sequencing using the targeted gene panel (409 genes) of the Illumina NextSeq 550 platform (San Diego, USA).

[Сurrent views on predictors and biomarkers of early diagnosis of anthracycline-mediated cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer (review of literature).].

Anthracyclines are effectively used in many therapeutic regimens for breast cancer (BC). However, the dose-dependent cardiotoxic effect causes certain limitations on their use. Laboratory tests for risk prediction and early diagnosis of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (ACIC) based on measuring the activity and concentration of topoisomerase 2β, the levels of troponins T and I (TnT и TnI), N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide progenitor, remain relevant, but complicate the risk stratification with low specificity.

Copy Number Variation in Tumor Cells and Extracellular DNA in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Copy number variation of some gene loci in lung tumor cells extracted by laser capture microdissection and in cell-free DNA in the plasma of patients with lung cancer was analyzed for identification of potential molecular markers. Tissue specimens fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin blocks (FFPE-blocks) from 90 patients and extracellular DNA from plasma samples of 70 patients and 30 donors were used. Copy number variation was assayed for 30 genes (BAX, BCL2, C-FLAR, P53, MDM2, CASP9, CASP3, CASP8, SOX2, OCT4, PIK3, MKI67, HV2, HIF1A1, XRCC1, MMP1, TERT, CTNNB1, KRAS, EGFR, GRB2, SOS1, MAPK1, STAT1, BRAF, FTO, and mir3678) and reference loci (ACTB, B2M, and GAPDH) by the real-time quantitative PCR.

[Short-term outcomes of surgical treatment of gastroesophageal junction cancer].

Objective: To confirm simplicity, safety and efficacy of stapling devices for gastroesophageal anastomosis (including those formed in mediastinum) in the treatment of gastroesophageal junction cancer.

Material And Methods: There were 147 patients with cardioesophageal cancer. Tumors Siewert type II and III were predominant (44.

[Conversion of laparoscopic access in colorectal cancer surgery (in Russian only)].

Aim: To analyze the problem of access conversion in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.

Material And Methods: There were 876 procedures for colorectal cancer T14N01M0 performed at the Rostov Research Institute of Oncology in 2015-2017. Open and laparoscopic surgery was applied in 562 and 309 patients, respectively.

Familial adenomatosis of the colon: current state of the problem.

Aim: The urgency of the problem of familial adenomatosis of the colon (FAC) is caused both by the severity of the disease with the inevitable development of cancer without timely treatment, and the involvement of the patient's blood relatives in this problem. Due to the rare inci- dence of this disease, many issues require discussion. To determine the possibility of timely treatment of FAC patients maintaining a satisfactory quality of life.