Deep learning-based quantification of T2-FLAIR mismatch sign: extending IDH mutation prediction in adult-type diffuse lower-grade glioma.

Objectives: To investigate the predictive value of the quantitative T2-FLAIR mismatch ratio (qT2FM) with fully automated tumor segmentation in adult-type diffuse lower-grade gliomas (LGGs).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 218 consecutive patients (mean age, 47 years ± 15 [SD]; 125 males) diagnosed with adult-type diffuse LGG. The cohort was classified into IDH wild-type (IDHwt), IDH-mutant with 1p/19q-codeletion (IDHmut-Codel), and IDH-mutant without 1p/19q-codeletion (IDHmut-Noncodel) subtypes.

Cancer-intrinsic Cxcl5 orchestrates a global metabolic reprogramming for resistance to oxidative cell death in 3D.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is characterized by a three-dimensional (3D) tumor microenvironment devoid of oxygen and nutrients but enriched in extracellular matrix, which acts as a physical and chemical barrier. In 3D, cancer cells reprogram their metabolic pathways in ways that help them survive hostile conditions. However, little is known about the metabolic phenotypes of cancer cells in 3D and the intrinsic cues that modulate them.

Protein disulfide isomerase integrates toll-like receptor 4 and P2X7 receptor signaling pathways during lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation.

P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) augments lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated neuroinflammation. These roles of P2X7R in neuroinflammation are relevant to nitrosative stress through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathway, while the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is involved in the integration of TLR4-P2X7R functions in response to LPS in vivo.

Ultra tough and high resilience mechanochromic fibres for real world stress detection.

Cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer fibres gain considerable attention as promising candidates for mechanochromic smart textiles across various domains, ranging from fashion to healthcare. However, intrinsically high hysteresis of cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer during stress relaxation necessitates a time-lag between successive stimulus detections, thereby constraining the practical use in real-world systems. Here, we develop high-tough and low-hysteresis mechanochromic fibres capable of effectively detecting ultra-fast deformations at practical levels.

Attitudes and acceptance of vaccination against neglected tropical diseases: A multi-country study in Asia.

This study aims to explore the willingness of individuals to be vaccinated against NTDs in Asian countries and China. Between June and December 2023, an anonymous cross-sectional survey was carried out in five Asian countries alongside China. Overall, 48.

Machine-learning assisted discovery unveils novel interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolic disturbance in diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious healthcare dilemma. Nonetheless, the interplay between the functional capacity of gut microbiota and their host remains elusive for DKD. This study aims to elucidate the functional capability of gut microbiota to affect kidney function of DKD patients.

Digital image analysis of gland-to-stroma ratio by CD10 objectively differentiates between low-grade endometrioid carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia on endometrial biopsy.

Distinguishing between endometrial atypical hyperplasia/endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EAH/EIN) and grade 1 endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) requires the evaluation of gland-to-stromal ratio, presence of stromal invasion, extent of epithelial proliferation and nuclear alterations. In small biopsies, stromal invasion may not always be sampled, so other features become more important. However, assessing of some of these features may be subjective.

Early response evaluation using CT and CA 19-9 in patients with pancreatic cancer of all stages undergoing first-line FOLFIRINOX treatment.

Objectives: To propose an effective integration method for CT and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 responses applicable to patients with all stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated with first-line FOLFIRINOX.

Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with PDAC who underwent first-line FOLFIRINOX treatment at a single tertiary hospital between 2017 and 2020. Those with baseline and 8-week follow-up CT scans were included in the CT response dataset.

Larval consumption of Cry1F maize pollen causes adverse effects in four non-target Lepidoptera species.

The cultivation of genetically modified maize expressing Bt proteins against Lepidopteran pests poses a risk for non-target (NT) Lepidoptera, particularly for species inhabiting agroecosystems and whose larvae are susceptible to Bt toxins expressed in maize pollen. Here, laboratory studies were conducted to determine the adverse effects of larval exposure to Cry1F pollen (event TC1507) on host plants on two butterfly (Pieris napi, Aglais io) and two moth species (Plutella xylostella, Ematurga atomaria). All NT Lepidoptera tested were affected by the Cry1F toxin in the pollen, albeit in different degrees depending on the species and the recorded parameter.

Cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling drives immunosuppression by myeloid-derived suppressor cells through IL-6/Jak/Stat3 in PD-L1-high lung cancer.

Background: Some patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) despite programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. To address the mechanism of ICI resistance in PD-L1-positive NSCLC, we investigated the role of tumor-cell-intrinsic function of PD-L1 in interleukin (IL)-6-mediated immunosuppression.

Methods: Cohorts of NSCLC patients treated with ICI and public datasets were analyzed.

Early clinical remission and its role in lung function decline and exacerbation in adult Korean patients with asthma.

Introduction: Despite advancements in asthma management, many patients continue to experience poor disease control, lung function decline, and frequent exacerbations. Clinical remission (CR) has been proposed as a novel treatment target and surrogate marker for long-term outcomes. This study evaluates whether early CR at 1 year after inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) initiation influences lung function decline and exacerbation risk in asthma.

A new strategy for accelerating redox kinetics in lithium-ion batteries: Highly porous poly(ethylene glycol)/nanocellulose separators.

Nanocellulose has garnered attention in energy storage as an environmentally friendly and stable separator for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) form a dense network that impedes Li-ion migration and limits electrolyte uptake. To develop an efficient LIB separator, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was incorporated with CNF to promote hydrogen bonding, leading to a stable PEG/CNF composite that enhances ionic conductivity.

Impact of Height Exponents on the Diagnosis and Prognosis of LVH: The REMODEL Study.

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. Although normalizing LV mass (LVM) to height exponents reduced variability from body size, specific recommendations for height exponents are lacking due to a scarcity of normal cohorts to define appropriate height exponents.

Objectives: The authors aimed to show the diagnostic and prognostic implications of establishing height exponents specific to sex, ethnicity, and imaging modality.

Concomitant omphalocele, craniorachischisis and ectopic cordis associated with trisomy 18 diagnosed in first trimester.

Objective: We present a rare case of trisomy 18 of maternal origin in a pregnancy with omphalocele, craniorachischisis, and ectopia cordis.

Case Report: A 38-year-old woman, G3P1A1, was diagnosed with fetal anencephaly, an extrathoracic heart (ectopic cordis), deformity of spine and a stomach-and-intestine-containing omphalocele by prenatal ultrasound at 12 weeks of gestation. The patient's husband was 39 years old and healthy.

Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for r(10) and monosomy 10 at amniocentesis in a fetus associated with perinatal growth restriction but no gross structural abnormalities.

Objective: We present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for r(10) and monosomy 10 at amniocentesis in a fetus with a 10p15.3 microdeletion and a 10q26.3 microdeletion.

Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its relationship to depression among Korean adolescents: A nationwide cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of PMS and depressive symptoms and to determine their association among Korean adolescent girls using a nationally representative cross-sectional survey.

Materials And Methods: The Korean Study of Women's Health Related Issues (K-Stori)was used. Of the 3000 adolescent girls aged 14-17 years, the study subjects were 2970 girls after menarche.

Would internal iliac artery occlusion cause gestational hypertension in the following pregnancy? A population-based study from 2008 to 2017.

Objective: In animal models, internal iliac artery occlusion caused gestational hypertension; however, whether this phenomena occurs in humans is still unknown.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Birth Certificate Application of Taiwan and linked to the National Health Insurance Research Database and Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database from 2008 to 2017. Women who underwent internal iliac artery occlusion before pregnant were identified according to diagnosis and procedure codes.

Medical treatment for pelvic congestion syndrome with flavonoid: A pilot study.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of medical management by flavonoid in women with pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) by comparison of the changes in venous size and quality of life (QoL) before and after treatment.

Materials And Methods: Eleven women who met the diagnostic criteria of PCS were enrolled in the study. Flavonoid 500 mg twice or 1000 mg once daily was prescribed.

Differences in sexually transmitted infection-associated cervical infections in pelvic inflammatory disease patients between adolescents and adults.

Objective: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of female reproductive organs mainly in sexually active patients, which can cause serious complications throughout life. We aimed to analyze the risk factors and differences in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between adolescents and adult PID patients.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study based on descriptive and statistical analyses of the clinical records of patients with PID treated with antibiotics between January 2013 and December 2023 at Busan Paik Hospital.

Low antimüllerian hormone (<1.2 ng/ml) does not impact oocyte quality and IVF/ICSI outcomes in women ≤40 years old.

Objective: This study retrospectively investigates whether diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), as measured by serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), impacts oocyte quality and IVF/ICSI outcomes in the cleavage embryo or blastocyst stage or not.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1677 women aged ≤40 years who underwent 1862 IVF/ICSI cycles and divided patients into two groups: low-AMH included the patients with AMH levels <1.2 ng/ml, and normal-AMH included the patients with AMH values ≥1.

Menopause part I: Vasomotor symptoms (I).

Menopause, an aged process due to loss of permanent ovarian function (mainly decreased production of estrogen) without another pathological or physiological cause becomes one of the most health issues in the world. Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) is a hallmark of menopause, occurring in up to 80 % of women experiencing and persisting for over seven years with significant negative impacts on physical, psychological, social, and overall wellbeing. Conventionally, menopause hormone therapy (MHT) is considered the most effective therapeutic opinion for many years based on the fact as "deficiency of estrogen"; however, the ratio of benefits and risk is highly debated and always in concern.

PCR sequencing and re-evaluation of pathologic findings revealed invasive fungal sinusitis caused by Malassezia restricta.

Objective: To describe a rare case of invasive fungal sinusitis caused by Malassezia restricta in a patient with diabetes and emphasize the diagnostic difficulties and significance of molecular techniques.

Study Design: An 85-year-old man with diabetes presented with unresolved left sphenoiditis despite a sphenoidotomy and antibiotics. Imaging findings indicated invasive fungal sinusitis.

Integrating artificial intelligence into medical curricula: perspectives of faculty and students in South Korea.

Purpose: With the accelerated adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, the integration of AI education into medical school curricula is gaining significant attention. This study aimed to gather the perceptions of faculty members and students regarding the integration of AI education into medical curricula in the Korean context.

Methods: Faculty members and medical students' perspectives on integrating AI into medical curricula were assessed through thematic analysis of free-written responses from 157 faculty members and 125 students in a national online survey on medical AI competencies in South Korea.

Retrospective study of cultural biases and their reflections among Korean medical students: a cultural hybridity perspective.

Purpose: Most of studies about racial or ethnic biases among medical students have been conducted in English-speaking developed countries. This study explores the hybridity and transformation of Korean medical students' biases, arguing that a nation's identity and culture are constantly in a state of ever-changing hybridity.

Methods: This research used a qualitative document analysis.