Privileged natural product compound classes for anti-inflammatory drug development.

Covering: up to early 2025Privileged compound classes of anti-inflammatory natural products are those where there are many reported members that possess anti-inflammatory properties. The identification of these classes is of particular relevance to drug discovery, as they could serve as valuable starting points in developing effective and safe anti-inflammatory agents. The privileged compound classes of natural products include the polyphenols, coumarins, labdane diterpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, isoquinoline and indole alkaloids, each offering a variety of molecular scaffolds and functional groups that enable diverse interactions with biological targets.

xDev: a mixed-signal, software-defined neurotechnology interface platform for accelerated system development.

Advances in electronics and materials science have led to the development of sophisticated components for clinical and research neurotechnology systems. However, instrumentation to easily evaluate how these components function in a complete system does not yet exist. In this work, we set out to design and validate a software-defined mixed-signal routing fabric, 'xDev', that enables neurotechnology system designers to rapidly iterate, evaluate, and deploy advanced multi-component systems.

Dose Ranging in Pediatric Drug Development Trials Submitted to the US FDA 2012-2020.

Dose selection is a critical process within pediatric drug development and dose-ranging studies are integral to establish a reasonable dose. The objective of this analysis was to examine the dose-ranging trials utilized in pediatric drug development and to determine (1) the dose-ranging strategies that were used in all available pediatric dose-ranging studies, (2) the success of achieving pediatric labeling in those submissions to the US Food and Drug Administration, and (3) ethical aspects of providing a prospect of direct benefit to pediatric patients in dose-ranging studies. Of the 275 programs that previously surveyed pediatric drug development programs from 2012 to 2020, it was determined that dose-ranging studies were used for 97 (35.

Direct Integration of Spent LiMnO with High Voltage Aqueous Zinc-Manganese Redox Flow Batteries as a Practical Upcycling Process.

With the explosive growth of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), research on the recycling of spent batteries is widely conducted. However, conventional processes involve complex procedures, high costs, and environmental issues. This study introduces the electrochemical upcycling of spent LiMnO (LMO) cathode material, incorporating pre-filtration (PF) and pre-reduction (PR) processes to enable its direct application in redox flow batteries (RFBs).

Solvent-Driven Synthesis of DNA-Based Liquid Crystalline Organogels with Extraordinary Stretchability, Self-Healing, and Higher-Order Structural Assembly.

The fabrication of liquid crystalline (LC) organogel via supramolecular interactions between Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and lyotropic cationic surfactant containing cyanobiphenyl moiety is reported. The fabricated organogel endows dominantly viscous behavior in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and elastic behavior in n-propanol (n-PrOH), respectively. By judiciously controlling the viscosity, DMSO organogels can be drawn to form a fiber with an elongation of up to 4.

Geometric Design of Interface Structures and Electrolyte Solvation Chemistry for Fast Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The grain sizes of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and solvation structure of electrolytes can affect Li ion transport across SEI and control the desolvation kinetics of solvated Li ions during fast-charging of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the impact of the geometric structure of SEI grains on the fast charging capability of LIBs is rarely examined. Here, the correlation between the SEI grain size and fast charging characteristics of cells is explored, and the desolvation kinetics is controlled by replacing the strongly binding ethylene carbonate (EC) solvent with a weakly binding nitrile-based solvent under fast charging conditions.

3D Soft Liquid Metal Electrodes for High-Resolution and Long-Term Electromyography in Muscle Trauma Assessment.

Electromyography (EMG) is a widely used diagnostic technique for evaluating the electrical activity of muscles and their controlling nerves. However, conventional surface electrodes with planar structures often suffer from low spatial resolution and suboptimal signal quality. Here, 3D-shaped, substrate-free, soft, and biocompatible liquid metal electrodes (LMe) are presented as a wearable interface for neuromuscular signal recording.

Scalable Van Der Waals Integration of III-N Devices Over 2D Materials for CMOS-Compatible Architectures.

Advances in semiconductor technology have been primarily driven by exponentially reducing the size of silicon transistors and pushing the quantum limit. However, continued scaling becomes extremely difficult in accordance with Moore's law. Conversely, recent advances in monolithic and heterogeneous integration by exploring non-group IV materials envision beyond CMOS scaling.

Falls in a single brain rehabilitation center: a 3-year retrospective chart review.

Objective: Falls in brain rehabilitation centers can negatively impact patient recovery, increase injury risk, and adversely affect rehabilitation outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of falls and identify associated risk factors among patients with brain lesions in a tertiary hospital's brain rehabilitation center from June 2021 to May 2024.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted to examine patient characteristics, fall-related risk factors, functional assessments, and circumstances surrounding falls.

Dual orexin receptor antagonists as promising therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.

We examine the relationship between sleep, glymphatics and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and recent work questioning glymphatic clearance during sleep. We highlight a need for understanding glymphatic and/or other mechanism of clearance during sleep, and review glymphatic flow measurement methods. Further, we explore dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) potential to mitigate AD sleep disturbances and enhance clearance.

Different axis approaches for ultrasound-guided centrally inserted central catheterization in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Centrally inserted central catheterization (CICC) is a critical procedure in pediatric care. However, CICC in children poses greater challenges compared to adults due to anatomical and physiological differences, leading to higher complication rates. Ultrasound-guided approaches have been developed to enhance the safety and effectiveness of CICC, but the comparative efficacy of different axis approaches remains unclear.

Revisiting the bi-factor structure of the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale with samples in China.

Aim: This paper aims to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) based on Chinese samples recruited from secondary schools, universities, and workplaces.

Methods: The psychometric properties of the SWEMWBS were evaluated in four cross-sectional studies with a total of 1,729 respondents from Hong Kong and Chinese mainland. Criterion validity was assessed using well-established measures of well-being, affect, and life satisfaction (PANAS, WHO-5, and SWLS).

Augmenting the human interactome for disease prediction through gene networks inferred from human cell atlas.

Gene co-expression network inference from bulk tissue samples often misses cell-type-specific interactions, which can be detected through single-cell gene expression data. However, the noise and sparsity of single-cell data challenge the inference of these networks. We developed scNET, a framework for integrative cell-type-specific co-expression network inference from single-cell transcriptome data, demonstrating its utility in augmenting the human interactome for more accurate disease gene prediction.

Development of an efficient and heritable virus-induced genome editing system in .

The CRISPR-Cas9 system can be used to introduce site-specific mutations into the genome of tomato () plants. However, the direct application of this revolutionary technology to desirable tomato cultivars has been hindered by the challenges of generating transgenic plants. To address this issue, we developed an efficient and heritable genome editing system using tobacco rattle virus (TRV) for an elite tomato cultivar (the paternal line of Saladette).

Lisocabtagene Maraleucel for Richter's Transformation-A Case Series.

Introduction: Richter's transformation (RT) from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to lymphoma carries poor prognosis. This case series examines the efficacy of lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) in six RT patients, highlighting the impact of concurrent ibrutinib therapy.

Methods: Six patients were with RT who received liso-cel from were included in this single institution case series.

Revisiting the druggable genome using predicted structures and data mining.

Identification of novel drug targets is a key component of modern drug discovery. While antimalarial targets are often identified through the mechanism of action studies on phenotypically derived inhibitors, this method tends to be time- and resource-consuming. The discoverable target space is also constrained by existing compound libraries and phenotypic assay conditions.

Chestnut ( S. et Z.) inner shell-A by-product promotes anti-obesity by regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes and the AMPK/ACC signaling pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

A by-product is a secondary substance unintentionally produced during manufacturing and can be repurposed through recycling. In particular, by-products generated from the processing of natural materials are valuable because of their bioactive compound content, such as polyphenols and anthocyanins. Obesity is a global health issue, and medicines for obesity have side effects, such as insomnia and headaches.

Massive iris cyst in an adult female.

Purpose: To report an interesting case of a massive iris cyst encompassing nearly the entire anterior chamber in an adult female years after cataract surgery.

Observation: A 77-year-old female with a history of bilateral cataract surgery presented with a large ciliary body mass in the left eye. The lesion was first incidentally noted one year prior to presentation and continued to grow and ultimately caused complete obstruction of the visual axis.

Miliary Mesothelioma.

Miliary spread of mesothelioma is a rare but important manifestation of late-stage disease, likely due to hematogenous dissemination. This case highlights characteristic CT imaging findings, emphasizing the need for awareness among clinicians and radiologists. Recognizing this pattern can aid in diagnosis, prognostication, and appropriate referral for palliative management.

Effects of alpha-ketoisocaproate in oxidative stress-induced C2C12 myotubes via inhibition of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2.

Sarcopenia is an age-related muscle atrophy characterized by decreased muscle mass and function. However, potential treatments to alleviate sarcopenia remain limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) on C2C12 differentiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes.

Electronic Switching between Hot Electrons and Hot Holes via Schottky Junctions during Chemical Reactions.

Hot carriers, generated through nonadiabatic energy dissipation during exothermic catalytic reactions, play a pivotal role in enhancing catalytic performance. Upon generation, hot electrons typically reside in the sp-band above the Fermi level, while hot holes are formed in the -band below the Fermi level, following the energy distribution of the metal's electronic structure. However, it has been technically challenging to simultaneously capture and understand the flow of these two opposite charges during chemical reactions.

Urine Leukocyte Counts for Differentiating Asymptomatic Bacteriuria From Urinary Tract Infection and Predicting Secondary Bacteremia.

Background: Differentiating between asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infection (UTI) is difficult in patients who have difficulty communicating their symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urine leukocytes in distinguishing between UTI and ASB, and the clinical outcomes of patients with UTI according to the degree of pyuria.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with positive urine cultures between July 2022 and June 2023 at two hospitals.

Neutralizing Activity and T-Cell Responses Against Wild Type SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Omicron BA.5 Variant After Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster Dose in PLWH Receiving ART Based on CD4 T-Cell Count.

Background: We evaluated severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific humoral and cellular responses for up to 6 months after the 3rd dose of ancestral coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH) and healthy controls (HCs) who were not infected with COVID-19.

Methods: Anti-spike receptor-binding domain IgG (anti-RBD IgG) concentrations using chemiluminescence immunoassay and neutralizing antibodies using focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT) were assessed at 1 week after each dose of vaccination, and 3 and 6 months after the 3rd dose in 62 PLWH and 25 HCs. T-cell responses using intracellular cytokine stain were evaluated at 1 week before, and 1 week and 6 months after the 3rd dose.

Identifying Factors Associated With Breastfeeding Length Among Filipino Migrant Women in South Korea.

Background: Migrant women becoming mothers often face social, economic, and family challenges that can affect their dietary and breastfeeding practices. This study identified factors associated with breastfeeding length in migrant women.

Methods: The study sample involved 504 migrant women from the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL) in 2014-2016.