The CREscendoing promise of HDAC targeting to limit atherosclerosis.

The factors that modulate the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis are not well defined. In this issue of Immunity, Asare et al. examine the impact of a cis-regulatory element (CRE) that controls expression of HDAC9 and find that HDAC9-mediated deacetylation of NLRP3 might be the mechanism by which genetic variants in this conserved CRE influence the inflammation associated with human atherosclerosis.

Detection of necrotic enteritis risk through non-invasive monitoring of Clostridium perfringens in feces.

Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by the gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium perfringens, results in an estimated $6 billion in annual economic losses to the global poultry industry. C. perfringens is part of the normal microflora of the poultry gastrointestinal tract, but damage to the intestinal epithelium can lead to increased cell proliferation and production of toxins which gives rise to disease.

Development of Body Weight Management Among the Hungarian Population.

Background/objectives: Nowadays, body weight management has gained significant consumer attention due to the health megatrend. It plays a key role in preventing diseases, maintaining health, and creating a balanced diet, as well as in mental and physical health. Overweight and obesity are serious problems that can result in various non-communicable diseases; thus, managing the body weight of those who are overweight or obese without pathological changes would help reduce the prevalence of these diseases.

Identifying Transfer Learning in the Reshaping of Inductive Biases.

Transfer learning, the reuse of newly acquired knowledge under novel circumstances, is a critical hallmark of human intelligence that has frequently been pitted against the capacities of artificial learning agents. Yet, the computations relevant to transfer learning have been little investigated in humans. The benefit of efficient inductive biases (meta-level constraints that shape learning, often referred as priors in the Bayesian learning approach), has been both theoretically and experimentally established.

TREM2 protects from atherosclerosis by limiting necrotic core formation.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the vascular wall driven by lipid accumulation and inflammation in the intimal layer of arteries, and its main complications, myocardial infarction and stroke, are the leading cause of mortality worldwide [1], [2]. Recent studies have identified Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a lipid-sensing receptor regulating myeloid cell functions [3], to be highly expressed in macrophage foam cells in experimental and human atherosclerosis [4]. However, the role of TREM2 in atherosclerosis is not fully known.

Personalized total knee arthroplasty in patients with extra-articular deformities.

Over the years, with a better understanding of knee anatomy and biomechanics, superior implant designs, advanced surgical techniques, and the availability of precision tools such as robotics and navigation, a more personalized approach to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has emerged. In the presence of extra-articular deformities, performing personalized TKA can be more challenging and specific considerations are required, since one has to deal with an acquired pathological anatomy. Performing personalized TKA surgery in patients with extra-articular deformities, the surgeon can: (1) resurface the joint, omitting the extra-articular deformity; (2) partially compensate the extra-articular deformity with intra-articular correction (hybrid technique), or (3) correct the extra-articular deformity combined with a joint resurfacing TKA (single stage or two-stage procedure).

Excellent Results of Large-Diameter Ceramic-On-Ceramic Bearings in Total Hip Arthroplasty at Minimum Ten-Year Follow-Up.

Background: This study reports the minimum 10 years results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed using a monoblock acetabular component with a large-diameter head ceramic-on-ceramic bearing.

Methods: Of the 276 THAs included in this study, there were eleven deaths and 27 patients lost to follow up (11%) during the follow-up, leaving 237 (85%) hips available for review at a mean of 10.5 years (range, 10 to 12) postoperatively.

Institutional Betrayal in the Criminal and Civil Legal Systems: Exploratory Factor Analysis with a Sample of Black and Hispanic Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence.

Institutional betrayal (IB) is well-documented among survivors of gender-based violence seeking help and/or reporting incidents of violence in various settings, including college campuses and health care settings. Two of the most common institutions from which survivors seek help are the criminal and civil legal systems; however, less is known about the experiences of IB among survivors interfacing with those systems. Previous studies exploring IB have implemented the Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire (IBQ) and its various adaptations, but this scale has not yet been analyzed in the criminal or civil legal context, nor has it been analyzed among racially marginalized survivors.

Low Functional network integrity in cognitively unimpaired and MCI subjects with depressive symptoms: results from a multi-center fMRI study.

Evidence suggests that depressive symptomatology is a consequence of network dysfunction rather than lesion pathology. We studied whole-brain functional connectivity using a Minimum Spanning Tree as a graph-theoretical approach. Furthermore, we examined functional connectivity in the Default Mode Network, the Frontolimbic Network (FLN), the Salience Network, and the Cognitive Control Network.

Qualitative and quantitative image quality of coronary CT angiography using photon-counting computed tomography: Standard and Ultra-high resolution protocols.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the optimal reconstruction settings based on qualitative and quantitative image quality parameters on standard and ultra-high resolution (UHR) images using photon-counting CT (PCCT).

Method: We analysed 45 patients, 29 with standard and 16 with UHR acquisition, applying both smoother and sharper kernel settings. Coronary CT angiography images were performed on a dual-source PCCT system using standard (0.

Mode combinability: Exploring convex combinations of permutation aligned models.

We explore element-wise convex combinations of two permutation-aligned neural network parameter vectors Θ and Θ of size d. We conduct extensive experiments by examining various distributions of such model combinations parametrized by elements of the hypercube [0,1] and its vicinity. Our findings reveal that broad regions of the hypercube form surfaces of low loss values, indicating that the notion of linear mode connectivity extends to a more general phenomenon which we call mode combinability.

Organometallic Ru(II), Rh(III) and Re(I) complexes of sterane-based bidentate ligands: synthesis, solution speciation, interaction with biomolecules and anticancer activity.

In this study, we present the synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of six organometallic [Ru(II)(η--cymene)(,)Cl]Cl, [Rh(III)(η-CMe)(,)Cl]Cl and [Re(I)(CO)(,)Cl] complexes, in which the (,) ligands are sterane-based 2,2'-bipyridine derivatives (4-Me-bpy-St-OH, 4-Ph-bpy-St-OH). The solution chemical behavior of the ligands and the complexes was explored by UV-visible spectrophotometry and H NMR spectroscopy. The ligands and their Re(I) complexes are neutral at pH = 7.

Evaluating the dynamics and efficacy of a live, attenuated vaccine candidate under farm conditions.

The aim of the present study was to monitor the dynamics and to measure the safety and efficacy of a live, attenuated, thermosensitive vaccine candidate, namely MA271, in geese breeder flocks under field conditions. Two rearing flocks were vaccinated with MA271 at 4 weeks of age and boosted at 24 weeks of age by cloaca inoculation (1 ml) and eye-dropping (60 µl). The geese then were transported to multi-aged breeding farms.

Effects of Tulp4 deficiency on murine embryonic development and adult phenotype.

Genetically engineered mouse models have the potential to unravel fundamental biological processes and provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of human diseases. We have previously observed that germline genetic variation at the TULP4 locus influences clinical characteristics in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. To elucidate the role of TULP4 in pathological and physiological processes in vivo, we generated a Tulp4 knockout mouse model.

Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of resting-state fMRI driven machine learning algorithms in the detection of mild cognitive impairment.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a potential therapeutic window in the prevention of dementia; however, automated detection of early cognitive deterioration is an unresolved issue. The aim of our study was to compare various classification approaches to differentiate MCI patients from healthy controls, based on rs-fMRI data, using machine learning (ML) algorithms. Own dataset (from two centers) and ADNI database were used during the analysis.

Ten Flaws of Systematic Mechanical Alignment Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Mechanical alignment (MA) and its tenets have been considered essential for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) success since they were introduced in 1973. However, over time, there have been colossal advances in our knowledge and understanding of the anatomy and kinematics of the knee, as well as in surgical precision and implants. However, the MA systematic principles of prosthetic arthroplasty and implant position related to the lower-extremity mechanical axis, have only recently been called into question.

Soft x-ray Ar laser excited by low-voltage capillary discharge.

We demonstrated the operation of a 46.9-nm capillary discharge Ar -laser excited by electrical pulses at a very low voltage (35 - 45 kV), which is approximately two times lower than previously reported. The decrease in pulse voltage not only allows for further reduction in the size of the laser's excitation part, but also a principal shift to the experimental methods, techniques, and technologies used in ordinary pulsed gas lasers operating in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions of the spectra.

Feasibility and image quality of bright-blood and black-blood phase-sensitive inversion recovery (BOOST) sequence in clinical practice using for left atrial visualization in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Objectives: Visualizing left atrial anatomy including the pulmonary veins (PVs) is important for planning the procedure of pulmonary vein isolation with ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The aims of our study are to investigate the feasibility of the 3D whole-heart bright-blood and black-blood phase-sensitive (BOOST) inversion recovery sequence in patients with AF scheduled for ablation or electro-cardioversion, and to analyze the correlation between image quality and heart rate and rhythm of patients.

Methods: BOOST was performed for assessing PVs both with T2 preparation pre-pulse (T2prep) and magnetization transfer preparation (MTC) in 45 patients with paroxysmal or permanent AF scheduled for ablation or electro-cardioversion.

2DeteCT - A large 2D expandable, trainable, experimental Computed Tomography dataset for machine learning.

Recent research in computational imaging largely focuses on developing machine learning (ML) techniques for image reconstruction, which requires large-scale training datasets consisting of measurement data and ground-truth images. However, suitable experimental datasets for X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) are scarce, and methods are often developed and evaluated only on simulated data. We fill this gap by providing the community with a versatile, open 2D fan-beam CT dataset suitable for developing ML techniques for a range of image reconstruction tasks.

Calcium scoring on coronary computed angiography tomography with photon-counting detector technology: Predictors of performance.

Introduction: Obtaining accurate coronary artery calcium (CAC) score measurements from CCTA datasets with virtual non-iodine (VNI) algorithms would reduce acquisition time and radiation dose. We aimed to assess the agreement of VNI-derived and conventional true non-contrast (TNC)-based CAC scores and to identify the predictors of accuracy.

Methods: CCTA datasets were acquired with either 120 or 140 ​kVp.

Automated T1 and T2 mapping segmentation on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging using deep learning.

Introduction: Structural and functional heart abnormalities can be examined non-invasively with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Thanks to the development of MR devices, diagnostic scans can capture more and more relevant information about possible heart diseases. T1 and T2 mapping are such novel technology, providing tissue specific information even without the administration of contrast material.