Electron emission from ferroelectric thin films enhanced by the presence of 90 degree ferroelectric domains.

In this work, a ferroelectric domain-enhanced electron emission mechanism is proposed. The polarization distribution near 90 degrees domain walls is calculated by solving a set of second order differential equations, including the Poisson's one and equations derived from an expansion of the free energy Phi(P) in power series of the polarization according to the Devonshire-Landau-Ginzburg theory. Domain walls intersecting the emitting surface cause sufficient electric fields and lower the potential barrier for electron emission.

[Mathematical modeling of cardiovascular system in patients with hemorrhage and hypothermia].

Mathematical modeling is the most expedient method for studying the response of human cardiovascular system to a combined effect of several external factors, in particular, hemorrhage and hypothermia. A complex mathematical model integrating models of the functional systems of human body and the physiological effects of disturbing factors can be used to study the combined effect of external factors. It allows the response of human body to various combinations of external effects of different intensities to be assessed with high accuracy.

[Detection of lead in environmental objects and biologic materials during monitoring].

The authors specified methods to detect lead in biologic materials. The quality control covered use of Russian and foreign standard samples, the results proved to agree. Lead was detected by AAS technique (direct and flow-type variants with preliminary concentration of lead) and ELRA method.