hsa-miR-320a mediated exosome release under PD stress conditions rescue mitochondrial ROS and cell death in the recipient neuronal and glial cells.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Emerging evidence suggest exosomes as a crucial player in the progression and pathogenesis of PD via intercellular communication between different cell types in brain. Exosome release is enhanced from dysfunctional neurons/glia (source cells) under PD stress and mediates the transfer of biomolecules between different cell types (recipient) in brain leading to unique functional outcomes.

Corneal endothelial morphology and central corneal thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the corneal endothelial morphology and thickness in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare them with age and sex-matched nondiabetic controls.

Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the ophthalmology department of a tertiary hospital consisting of 262 patients (131 with T2DM as cases and 131 without diabetes who served as controls). All patients underwent a comprehensive ocular examination including visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement.

Biochemical findings in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: Hospital based case-control study.

Purpose: A review study on the biochemistry of epilepsy showed that in epileptic patients, serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations are low, sodium is unaffected, potassium increases, glucose is high and mild hypocalcemia. We have conducted a biochemical study on sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) cases in an attempt to establish the characteristic biochemical values to diagnose these deaths.

Methods: This was a hospital based case-control study done at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi for one year.

Awareness of foot care among patients with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes in India is rising. It is also occurring at a younger age. Ulcers on the foot in patients with diabetes are a common cause of amputations and are largely preventable.

Categories of foot at risk in patients of diabetes at a tertiary care center: Insights into need for foot care.

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers and amputations are preventable. Aim of this study was to determine the distribution of categories of foot at risk in patients with diabetes, attending a tertiary care hospital and factors that affect it.

Materials And Methods: Detail history and examination including neurological and vascular assessment were performed in 100 patients with diabetes attending a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Anesthetic management of emergent laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy in a patient with a life-threatening cortisol crisis.

Cushing syndrome may rarely present with life-threatening hypercortisolism, manifested by hypertension, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and edema. If medical treatment proves ineffective in ameliorating the symptoms, emergent rescue adrenalectomy may be the only way to relieve the crisis. We describe the anesthetic management of a patient with an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting tumor, whose condition was rapidly deteriorating due to severe cortisol excess, and emergent adrenalectomy was the only available therapeutic modality.

An obese young man with uncontrolled diabetes and insatiable hunger: Prader-Willi syndrome.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare cause of obesity. With the rising incidence of obesity, clinicians need to be aware of genetic causes of obesity and when to suspect them. A case of PWS, which was diagnosed in adulthood, has been discussed.

Central pontinemyelinosis, hyperparathyroidism, hypokalemia.

Central pontinemyelinolysis (CPM) is one of the rare non-inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the pons and very rarely it can involve extrapontine structure as well. The exact etiopathogenesis of this condition is still unclear. Rapid correction of hyponatremia has been attributed as a most common factor, but alcoholism, malnutrition, prolonged use of diuretics, psychogenic polydipsia, post liver transplant and hypokalemia have also been attributed as a causative factor.