Biomitigation of ammonical stress in aquaculture using luffa sponge coupled with medicinal and aromatic plants for potential application in aquaponics.

Ammonia, a major stress-inducing factor in aquaculture, contributes a significant challenge in maintaining sustainable fish production. Addressing this issue requires environmentally and economically sustainable solutions. This study explores the use of readily available and environmentally friendly porous lignocellulosic luffa sponge as a biostimulator, with a combination of three medicinal and aromatic plants(MAPs) viz.

Effect of nanoformulated cypermethrin, a parasiticide in Labeo rohita fingerlings: impact on biochemical, haematological, and stress response.

Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide used in aquaculture farms against ectoparasites. The conventional pesticide formulations are now being found to be greatly ineffective at low dosages, and their indiscriminate usage may cause undesired effects in ecosystems. So, the current study was designed to develop a nanoformulation of cypermethrin that would have many advantages over conventional pesticide formulations, and the toxic effects of this formulation were then tested on the carp Labeo rohita fingerlings.

Speciation-specific chromium bioaccumulation and detoxification in fish using hydrogel microencapsulated biogenic nanosilver and zeolite synergizing with biomarkers.

Grass carp intestinal waste-mediated biosynthesized nanosilver (AgNPs) was valorized using guaran and zeolite matrices, resulting in AgNPs-guaran, AgNPs-zeolite, and AgNPs-guaran -zeolite composites. The valorized products were examined using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray Diffraction analysis to confirm uniform dispersion and entrapment of AgNPs within the matrixes. These valorized products were evaluated for their efficacy in detoxifying the ubiquitous and toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr) in aquatic environments, with Anabas testudineus exposed to 2 mg l of Cr for 60 days.

Muscle Transcriptome Sequencing Revealed Thermal Stress-Responsive Regulatory Genes in Farmed Rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822).

Rohu, Labeo rohita, is one of the most important aquaculture species in the Indian subcontinent. Understanding the molecular-level physiological responses to thermal stress or climate change is essential. In the present work, transcriptome sequencing was carried out in the muscle tissue of the rohu in response to heat stress (35 °C) in comparison with the control (28 °C).

Wide substrate range for a candidate bioremediation enzyme isolated from Nocardioides sp. strain SG-4 G.

Narrow substrate ranges can impact heavily on the range of applications and hence commercial viability of candidate bioremediation enzymes. Here we show that an ester hydrolase from Nocardioides strain SG-4 G has potential as a bioremediation agent against various pollutants that can be detoxified by hydrolytic cleavage of some carboxylester, carbamate, or amide linkages. Previously we showed that a radiation-killed, freeze-dried preparation (ZimA) of this strain can rapidly degrade the benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim due to the activity of a specific ester hydrolase, MheI.

Plants, animals, and fisheries waste-mediated bioremediation of contaminants of environmental and emerging concern (CEECs)-a circular bioresource utilization approach.

The release of contaminants of environmental concern including heavy metals and metalloids, and contaminants of emerging concern including organic micropollutants from processing industries, pharmaceuticals, personal care, and anthropogenic sources, is a growing threat worldwide. Mitigating inorganic and organic contaminants, which can be coined as contaminants of environmental and emerging concern (CEECs), is a big challenge as traditional physicochemical processes are not economically viable for managing mixed contaminants of low concentrations. As a result, low-cost materials must be designed to provide high CEEC removal efficiency.

Metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles from plant, animal, and fisheries wastes: potential and valorization for application in agriculture.

Global agriculture is facing tremendous challenges due to climate change. The most predominant amongst these challenges are abiotic and biotic stresses caused by increased incidences of temperature extremes, drought, unseasonal flooding, and pathogens. These threats, mostly due to anthropogenic activities, resulted in severe challenges to crop and livestock production leading to substantial economic losses.

Effect of potassium supplementation on osmoregulatory and stress response of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) with Spinacia oleracea L. in aquaponics.

This study evaluated the effect of different potassium supplementation dosages on the physiological responses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus reared in an aquaponic system with Spinacia oleracea L. for 60 days. The system comprised of a rectangular fish tank of 168 l capacity (water volume = 100 l) with nutrient film technique (NFT)-based hydroponic component with fish to plant ratio of 2.

Heavy metals biosorption mechanism of partially delignified products derived from mango (Mangifera indica) and guava (Psidium guiag) barks.

This paper evaluates the biosorption of toxic metal ions onto the bioadsorbents derived from mango (Mangifera indica) and guava (Psidium guiag) barks and their metal fixation mechanisms. Maximum metal biosorption capacities of the mango bioadsorbent were found in the following increasing order (mg/g): Hg (16.24) < Cu (22.

Antibacterial and antioomycete activities of a novel designed RY12WY peptide against fish pathogens.

In the present study, we have designed and synthesized a short compositionally simple peptide RY12WY having potent antimicrobial activity. The molecular docking study results showed that peptide has a strong affinity towards two protein targets of A. sobria; aerolysin and outer membrane protein (OMP).

Effect of zinc on growth performance and cellular metabolic stress of fish exposed to multiple stresses.

Global warming due to increasing temperature and contamination in aquatic environment has been found to be inducing cellular metabolic stress in fish. The present study focused on temperature and contamination in aquatic ecosystems and its alleviation/mitigation. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the role of zinc to improve growth performance, cellular metabolic stress, and digestive enzymes of the Pangasianodon hypophthalmus reared under lead (Pb) and high temperature.

Effects of silver nanoparticles on stress biomarkers of Channa striatus: immuno-protective or toxic?

Nanotechnology is a novel arena with promising applications in the field of medicine, industry, and agriculture including fisheries. Cross-disciplinary interactions and the application of this technology in biological systems have led to the innovation of novel nanoparticle antioxidants, which are the subject of our study. In context with above background, we designed an experiment on nano-silver to elucidate its role for mitigation of abiotic and biotic stress.

Effect of Dietary Zinc-Nanoparticles on Growth Performance, Anti-Oxidative and Immunological Status of Fish Reared Under Multiple Stressors.

Zinc is one of the essential micronutrients that can be obtained via water and diet in aquatic animals to meet their physiological needs. The present study was designed to understand the effect of the supplementation of zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) in mitigating abiotic and biotic stress in Pangasius hypophthalmus. Two zinc nanoparticle-incorporated diets with 10 and 20 mg/kg nanoparticles and a control without zinc nanoparticles were formulated.

Comparative study of selenium and selenium nanoparticles with reference to acute toxicity, biochemical attributes, and histopathological response in fish.

Recent studies have demonstrated that selenium (Se) and selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) exhibited toxicity at a higher concentration. The lethal concentration of Se and Se-NPs was estimated as 5.29 and 3.

Nanoscale wide-band semiconductors for photocatalytic remediation of aquatic pollution.

Water pollution is a serious challenge to the public health. Among different forms of aquatic pollutants, chemical and biological agents create paramount threat to water quality when the safety standards are surpassed. There are many conventional remediatory strategies that are practiced such as resin-based exchanger and activated charcoal/carbon andreverse osmosis.

Oxidative and cellular stress as bioindicators for metal contamination in freshwater mollusk Lamellidens marginalis.

The concentrations of 14 metals, namely, chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), mercury, (Hg), and lead (Pb), have been studied in freshwater mollusk Lamellidens marginalis collected from Dhimbe reservoir. In addition, also studied the cellular and antioxidative status to assess metal contamination as pollution biomarkers. The levels of all the 14 metals were elevated in different sampling sites of Dhimbe reservoir.

Dietary Pyridoxine Protects against Stress and Maintains Immunohaematological Status in Chanos chanos Exposed to Endosulfan.

The amelioration effect of water-soluble vitamin pyridoxine against stress was evaluated in milkfish, Chanos chanos exposed to endosulfan. Two hundred and twenty-five fish were distributed randomly into five treatments, each with three replicates. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with graded levels of pyridoxine feed were as follows: normal water and fed with control diet (En0/PY0); endosulfan-treated water and fed with control diet (En/PY0); and endosulfan-treated water and fed with 50 (En/PY 50 mg/kg), 75 (En/PY 75 mg/kg) and 100 mg/kg (En/PY 100 mg/kg) pyridoxine-supplemented feed.

Metagenomics: Retrospect and Prospects in High Throughput Age.

In recent years, metagenomics has emerged as a powerful tool for mining of hidden microbial treasure in a culture independent manner. In the last two decades, metagenomics has been applied extensively to exploit concealed potential of microbial communities from almost all sorts of habitats. A brief historic progress made over the period is discussed in terms of origin of metagenomics to its current state and also the discovery of novel biological functions of commercial importance from metagenomes of diverse habitats.

Metals Bioaccumulation Mechanism in Neem Bark.

The aim of this work was to define the bioaccumulation mechanism of metals onto the non-living biomaterial prepared from an extensively available plant bark biomass of neem (Azadirachta indica). Based on maximum ultimate fixation capacities (mmol/g) of the product, metals ions could be arranged as Hg(2+) < Cd(2+) < Pb(2+) ≅ Cu(2+). Surface properties of the biomaterial were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques for their sorption mechanism.

Bactericidal activity of elastin-like polypeptide biopolymer with polyhistidine domain and silver.

In the present study, elastin-like biopolymer (ELP) composed of a polyhistidine domain has been investigated as a silver binding agent for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, a model test strain for Gram-negative bacteria for antibacterial assays of nanoparticles, and Vibrio harveyi, an opportunistic pathogen which cause mass mortality in shrimp Penaeus monodon reared in coastal aquaculture. The concentration dependent antimicrobial activity of ELPH-Ag on E. coli and V.

Heterotrophic nitrifying and oxygen tolerant denitrifying bacteria from greenwater system of coastal aquaculture.

In this work, herbivorous fish Mugil cephalus has been cultured to secrete protein rich green slime, which helps nitrifying and oxygen tolerant denitrifying bacteria to grow and colonize. Four strains representing Alcaligenaceae family have been isolated from greenwater system and characterized using biochemical test, fatty acid methyl ester (GC-FAME) analysis, 16S rRNA and functional gene approaches. They were tested for an ability to nitrify ammonia and nitrite aerobically.

Unexpected nondenitrifier nitrous oxide reductase gene diversity and abundance in soils.

Agricultural and industrial practices more than doubled the intrinsic rate of terrestrial N fixation over the past century with drastic consequences, including increased atmospheric nitrous oxide (N(2)O) concentrations. N(2)O is a potent greenhouse gas and contributor to ozone layer destruction, and its release from fixed N is almost entirely controlled by microbial activities. Mitigation of N(2)O emissions to the atmosphere has been attributed exclusively to denitrifiers possessing NosZ, the enzyme system catalyzing N(2)O to N(2) reduction.

Diversity of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in greenwater system of coastal aquaculture.

Reduced sulfur compounds produced by the metabolism are the one of the major problems in aquaculture. In the present study, herbivorous fishes have been cultured as biomanipulators for secretions of slime, which enhanced the production of greenwater containing beneficial bacteria. The genes encoding soxB which is largely unique to sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) due to its hydrolytic function has been targeted for examining the diversity of SOB in the green water system of coastal aquaculture.

Microbially derived off-flavor from geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol: sources and remediation.

Microbially derived off-flavors can adversely affect the beverage, food, water, and aquaculture industries. Off-flavor can temporarily be controlled by adopting best management practices such as proper aeration, liming, and dredging, and, more importantly, by avoidance of excessive nutrient use. Research studies focus on the effective means of control with the major emphasis on controlling the odor-causing algae populations and developing effective and selective algicides, which are not always available for use at the right time and can also have adverse impacts on the environment.