Effects of acute renal failure and ganciclovir on the pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin-induced seizures in rats.

Seizures have been reported in patients receiving fluoroquinolones, including levofloxacin (LVFX). In the present study, we investigated the effects of experimental renal failure and the concomitant treatment with ganciclovir on the pharmacodynamics of LVFX-induced seizures to identify whether these factors can alter the pharmacokinetics or the pharmacodynamics of LVFX. Male Wistar rats received an intravenous infusion of LVFX at 250, 500, or 1000 mg/h/rat until the onset of seizures, and samples of serum, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained.

Effects of indoxylsulfate on the in vitro hepatic metabolism of various compounds using human liver microsomes and hepatocytes.

Background: Alterations of hepatic drug metabolism in patients with renal failure are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of uremic substances that can be removed by hemodialysis on in vitrohepatic drug metabolism were studied using human liver microsomes and hepatocytes.

Methods: The metabolism of various compounds that undergo oxidation and glucuronidation in the liver was studied using human liver microsomes and hepatocytes in the presence of 11 uremic substances removable by hemodialysis.