gen. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from tree barks.

Two Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, bacteria that formed pale-pinkish colonies, designated HMF7056 and HMF7647 were isolated from Ginkgo () and Korean cornel dogwood (), respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of 16S rRNA genes and 92 core genes indicated that two strains represent novel species within the family . HMF7056 and HMF7647 showed high 16S rRNA sequence similarities to N7d-4 (93.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., novel bacteria isolated from bark of birch tree ().

Two reddish-coloured bacterial strains (HMF7604 and HMF7620) were isolated from bark of birch tree () together with two strains (designed as HMF7603 and HMF7618). Cells were observed to be Gram-stain-negative, oval- to short rod-shaped and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the four isolates belonged to the genus , family .

sp. nov., isolated from a water rivulet.

Strain HMF5004 was isolated from a rivulet located in Yongin, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMF5004 belonged to the genus . Strain HMF5004 was closely related to (97.

sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from freshwater, rusty iron and forsythia flower.

Three novel strains, designated as HMF5036, HMF5335 and HMF5405, were isolated from freshwater, rusty iron and forsythia flower, in Yong-in, Republic of Korea, respectively. They were Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, reddish-pigmented and rod-shaped bacteria. The predominant fatty acids of three strains were C 5 and summed feature 3 (comprising C 7 and/or C 6).

sp. nov., sp. nov., and sp. nov., novel bacteria isolated from freshwater and tree bark.

Three Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated as HME9299, HMF7410 and HMF7856, were isolated from freshwater and tree bark collected in Yong-in, Republic of Korea. Strains HME9299, HMF7410 and HMF7856 exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.2, 94.

sp. nov., and sp. nov., novel bacteria isolated from birch tree ().

Two Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated as HMF7605 and HMF7616, were isolated from birch tree, in Yong-in, Republic of Korea. Strains HMF7605 and HMF7616 exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.9 and 97.

sp. nov. and sp. nov. isolated from soil and tree bark, respectively.

Two novel strains (HMF3257 and HMF4905), isolated from freshwater and bark samples, were investigated to determine their relationships within and between species of the genus by using a polyphasic approach. They were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacteria. The major fatty acids (>10%) in both strains were identified as summed feature 3 (C 7 and/or C 6) and C 5, while strains HMF3257 and HMF4905 contained a moderately high amount of C and iso-C, respectively.

sp. nov., isolated from bark of .

Strain HMF4947, isolated from the bark of a ginkgo tree, was a pale-pink coloured, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium. The isolate grew optimally on Reasoner's 2A agar at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0 % NaCl.

sp. nov., isolated from commercial solar salt.

Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, spore-forming, rod-shaped, moderately halotolerant bacteria, designated as HMF5848 and HME7618, were isolated from salt/brine and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Growth of both yellow-coloured strains occurred in the presence of 1-9 % NaCl (w/v; optimum, 2-3 %), at 15-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C) and pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7). The major fatty acids were iso-C, iso-C and anteiso-C.

gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from solar saltern sediment.

A novel non-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, motile by means of a polar flagellum, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated HMF8227, was isolated from solar saltern sediment sampled at Shinan, Republic of Korea. The isolate was able to grow at 15-42 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6-8 (pH 7) and with 0.5-12 % NaCl (2-5 %).

sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater.

An aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and Gram-stain-negative marine bacterium, designated as HME9304, was isolated from surface seawater of the Yellow Sea. Growth was observed at 10-35 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6-8 (pH 7) and with 1-5 % NaCl (2 %). The major fatty acids of strain HME9304 were iso-C G, iso-C, iso-C 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C 7 and/or C 6).

gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from freshwater.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and red-pigmented strain, HME7025, was isolated from freshwater sampled in the Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain HME7025 formed a lineage within the family of the phylum . Strain HME7025 was closely related to the genera , and The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of strain HME7025 were under 94.

sp. nov., isolated from phyllosphere of .

Strain HMF7854, isolated from a ginkgo tree, was an orange-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, motile by means of a single flagellum, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. The isolate grew optimally on Reasoner's 2A agar at 30 °C, pH 7.0-8.

Altererythrobacter maritimus sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A rod-shaped, Gram-staining-negative and orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain HME9302, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea in the Republic of Korea. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HME9302 formed a lineage within the genus Altererythrobacter, and was most closely related to Altererythrobacter aurantiacus O30 with 96.7 % sequence similarity.

Maribacter maritimus sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, motile by gliding and straight rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated HMF3635, was isolated from seawater of the East Sea, Republic of Korea. Strain HMF3635 grew optimally on marine agar at 30 °C, pH 7.0-8.

Hymenobacter aquatilis sp. nov., isolated from a mesotrophic artificial lake.

A novel strain, designated HMF3095, isolated from freshwater of a mesotrophic artificial lake in the Republic of Korea, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. The cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, straight rods and formed reddish colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain HMF3095 fell within the cluster of the genus Hymenobacterand was most closely related to Hymenobacter seoulensis 16F7G and Hymenobacter tenuis POB6 (96.

Sabulilitoribacter arenilitoris sp. nov., isolated from seashore sand.

A Gram-stain-negative and non-motile bacterial strain that formed rods and orange-pigmented colonies, designated HMF6543, was isolated from sand of seashore on the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Strain HMF6543 grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.

Winogradskyella maritima sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A novel bacterium, designated HME9613, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea in the Republic of Korea. Cells of strain HME9613 were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding and rod-shaped. Strain HME9613 grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl.

Lewinella maritima sp. nov., and Lewinella lacunae sp. nov., novel bacteria from marine environments.

Two Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, marine bacteria, designated HME9321T and HME9359T, were isolated from seawater and lagoon water samples in the Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains revealed that they belonged to the genus Lewinella within the family Saprospiraceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain HME9321T showed highest similarities with Lewinella aquimaris HDW-36T (95.

Lacihabitans lacunae sp. nov., isolated from a lagoon.

A non-motile, orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain HME7103T, was isolated from lagoon water in the Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HME7103T formed a lineage within the genus Lacihabitans and family Cytophagaceae. Strain HME7103T was closely related to Lacihabitans soyangensis HME6675T (95.

Mesonia maritima sp. nov., isolated from seawater of the South Sea of Korea.

A yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, originally designated 15-S14-6T, was isolated from the southern coastal waters of Korea and was subjected to taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain 15-S14-6T was Gram-staining-negative, flagellated, rod-shaped and aerobic. The strain grew optimally at 25-30 °C, in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.

Thalassotalea litorea sp. nov., isolated from seashore sand.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped marine bacterium, designated strain HMF4135T, was isolated from a sand sample which was collected from the seashore of the South Sea, Republic of Korea. It required NaCl for growth and exhibited optimal growth at 30 °C, with 2 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7-8. Cellular fatty acids were dominated by C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 1ω9c and C12 : 0 3-OH.

Polaribacter lacunae sp. nov., isolated from a lagoon.

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HMF2268, was isolated from a lagoon in the Republic of Korea. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain HMF2268 belonged to the genus Polaribacter and was most closely related to Polaribacter huanghezhanensisSM1202 (96.8 % similarity).

Runella palustris sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater.

A novel, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and filamentous bacterial strain, designated HMF3829T, was isolated from wetland freshwater in Gyeong-an wetland, Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMF3829T formed a lineage within the genus Runella. Strain HMF3829T was closely related to Runella slithyformis DSM 19594T (95.