Simplified practice for ophthalmologist consultation in malar fractures: A retrospective study.

Zygomatic bone contributes to the orbital walls, and therefore associated injuries carry a high risk of severe dysfunction of the visual apparatus. The aim of our study was to retrospectively assess the spectrum and frequency of ophthalmic involvement in patients presenting with malar fracture, and the need for referral to an ophthalmologist for evaluation. In total, 102 patients presenting with malar fracture between January 2008 and August 2017 at Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka were enrolled in this study.

An Analysis of the Viability of Nonvascular Iliac and Fibula Grafts in Mandibular Reconstruction in Patients with Circulatory Diseases: A Prospective Randomized Study.

Vascularized bone grafts are considered as the gold standard for mandibular reconstruction. However, there are certain limitations of them, such as they are contraindicated in patients with circulatory disturbances. Therefore, Non-vascular bone grafts become the viable option for reconstruction.

A spectrum of auditory canal injuries ensuing from direct or indirect trauma to the temporomandibular joint: A 2-year prospective study.

This study aimed to assess various auditory canal injuries in patients with direct or indirect temporomandibular joint (TMJ) trauma, and, in collaboration with an otolaryngologist, evaluate the need for intervention. A prospective study was conducted at the institution. Patients who had sustained trauma to the TMJ were assessed for auditory canal injury through clinical and CT scan examination.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma: A rare case report.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare type of sarcoma that is characterized by benign-appearing histologic features but a paradoxically aggressive clinical course. Recognition of this lesion is important because of its indolent but metastasizing nature. These tumors generally occur in young to middle-aged adults, sometimes in children, but rarely in the high-aged adults.

Comparison of Tru-Cut Biopsy and Incisional Biopsy in Achieving Prompt Diagnosis of Maxillofacial Pathology.

Tru-cut (core needle) biopsy has many advantages over open biopsy. It is quick and easy to perform, may be carried out in the outpatient department, avoids incision through previously irradiated skin and has few complications. The purpose of this study is to compare the two available biopsy techniques that are Tru-cut biopsy and incisional biopsy in achieving prompt diagnosis of maxillofacial pathology.

Efficacy of collagen-silicone bilayer membrane in the management of oral submucous fibrosis: a prospective case series.

Background And Objective: Oral submucous fibrosis is a scourge of Southeastern Asia since a long time resulting in significant health and social problems. Mainstay of the treatment is concentrated on attempts to improve mouth opening and relieve the symptoms by medicinal or surgical means. In moderate to severe cases, release of fibrous bands is advocated followed by placement of graft.

Incidence and risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in orthognathic surgery: a 10-year retrospective study.

Objectives: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is considered as one of the most incessant and anguishing factors for patients who have surgery under general anesthesia. The occurrence of PONV after orthognathic surgery can lead to dehydration, infection, bleeding at the surgical site, and patient discomfort, all of which leave a patient with a negative impression of anesthesia and surgery. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of PONV after orthognathic surgery and to correlate it with factors related to patient, anesthesia, and surgery.

Cervico-stylo-mandibular complex fracture: a critical review of literature along with a protocol to recognize and proposal of a new classification.

Fractures of the styloid process of the temporal bone may occur with or without an obvious relation to trauma. The incidence of either isolated styloid process fracture or in combination with mandibular fractures is rare, and such occurrences are often misdiagnosed or neglected. A fractured styloid when displaced may impinge on adjacent vital structures, leading to neurological or vascular symptoms that vary according to the anatomical structure compressed.

TFM classification and staging of oral submucous fibrosis: A new proposal.

Background: We have evaluated the rationale of existing grading and staging schemes of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) based on how they are categorized. A novel classification and staging scheme is proposed.

Methods: A total of 300 OSMF patients were evaluated for agreement between functional, clinical, and histopathological staging.

Oral submucous fibrosis: An update on current theories of pathogenesis.

Over the last 40 years, many theories linking oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) to various risk factors have been proposed. Spicy, pungent foods and irritants such as supari (areca nut), paan (betel leaves), tobacco (through chewing or smoking)-the common Asian habits of chewing the aforementioned agents-have all been incriminated as causative agents. Systemic factors such as nutritional deficiency, genetic predisposition and autoimmunity have also been proposed in the pathogenesis of OSMF.

Current protocols in the management of oral submucous fibrosis: An update.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a debilitating condition of oral cavity which has significant potential for malignant transformation. In spite of over 20 years of research, the pathogenesis of the condition is still obscure and no single management modality is effective. Many OSMF treatment protocols have been proposed to alleviate the signs and symptoms of the disorder and there is overwhelming evidence that as areca nut is primary cause, stopping its use may have a considerable effect on symptoms rather than reversing pre-existing fibrosis.

Trismus in oral cancer patients undergoing surgery and radiotherapy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of trismus before and after surgery and subsequent radiotherapy for patients of oral cancer and to determine the risk factors for the same.

Methods: 30 patients diagnosed with oral cancer were included. Maximum mouth opening was measured for each patient as the inter incisal distance and was measured on 4 occasions - preoperatively at the time of diagnosis, post-operatively at discharge from the hospital, post-radiotherapy and at 6 months follow-up.

Evaluation of Spontaneous Bone Regeneration after Enucleation of Large Cysts of the Jaws using Radiographic Computed Software.

Introduction: Spontaneous regeneration of bone is commonly seen in the small surgical defects caused by enucleation of cysts. However, in case of large surgical defects caused by the enucleation, spontaneous regeneration of bone is a rare phenomenon and it depends on factors, such as age of the patient, intact periosteum, and proper stabilization.

Materials And Methods: The study included 16 patients, who reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with the complaint of pain and swelling in the jaws diagnosed as cyst.

Evaluation of Elongated Styloid Process in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis Using Panoramic Radiographs.

Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an insidious disease affecting the oral cavity, pharynx, and upper digestive tract. It is characterized by a juxtaepithelial inflammatory reaction followed by fibroelastic change in the lamina propria and associated epithelial atrophy. Higher levels of TGF-β present in patients with OSF could be responsible for impetus to remnants of Reichert's cartilage present in styloid complex leading to partial or complete ossification of associated ligaments.

Submasseteric tuberculous lesion of mandible: report of a case and review of the literature.

Tuberculosis is still a major health hazard in the developing world, while its incidence has recently started to escalate after decreasing for many years. It is a chronic granulomatous disease that can affect any part of the body, including the oral cavity. Oral lesions of tuberculosis, though uncommon, are seen in both the primary and secondary stages of the disease.

Comparative evaluation of pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of intramuscular ketorolac versus tramadol following third molar surgery.

Pre-emptive analgesia aims at preventing the central nervous system from reaching a hyper-excitable state known as central sensitization, in which it responds excessively to afferent inputs. The clinical implication would be more effective pain management, thereby reducing post-operative pain and analgesic requirements. This study aimed at investigating the existence of pre-emptive analgesia and to compare the pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of im ketorolac [NSAID] versus tramadol [SYNTHETIC OPIOD] for post-operative pain management following third molar surgery.

A randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of submucosal aprotinin injection and intravenous dexamethasone in reducing pain and swelling after third molar surgery: a prospective study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare two different groups of drugs, aprotinin and dexamethasone for its efficacy in reducing post operative swelling and pain after third molar surgery.

Methods: Fifty consecutive patients requiring surgical removal of single mandibular third molar (class II position B) under local anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups, each group consisting of 25 patients. One group was administered 8 mg dexamethasone through intravenous route pre-operatively.

Carnoy's in Aggressive Lesions: Our Experience.

Carnoy's solution is used in the treatment of various aggressive cysts and tumors in the maxillofacial region as a chemical cauterizing agent. Its use has been extensively studied in case of odontogenic keratocysts. It is used in the management of unicystic ameloblastomas and ossifying fibromas.

Osteochondroma of the mandible: a rare case report.

Osteochondroma, also known as osteocartilaginous exostosis is a benign cartilage forming tumor that usually develops in long bones and relatively uncommon in the craniofacial region. Both the condyle and coronoid tip being the most common sites of occurrence in the mandible, it rarely appears at the symphysis region. Here, we describe a case of osteochondroma arising from the left parasymphysis of mandible.

A modified surgical approach to a case of mandibular fracture in a 5-year-old girl.

Injuries to the face are far more uncommon than other injuries in children. However, when they occur they can pose considerable management challenges to concerned specialists and the subsequent functional and esthetic impact to the growing child can be overwhelming. Here is a report of a 5-year-old girl diagnosed with fracture of the body of the mandible and an associated fracture of the parasymphysis.

Aneurysmal bone cyst, a lesion of the mandibular condyle.

Benign and malignant tumors of the temporomandibular joint are rare. An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the condyle is even more unusual and usually presents as a slowly enlarging firm swelling which occasionally may be associated with pain and tenderness. Surgical curettage or excision is the treatment of choice, in an attempt to reduce the potential problem of recurrence; we undertook surgical resection of the affected bone.

Evaluation of fractured condylar head along the sagittal plane: report of three cases.

There are case reports of sagittal fractures of the condylar head leading to bifid condyle. However bifid condyles maybe found in patients with no history of trauma. A split in the saggital plane of the condyle is not visible with a lateral, oblique or panaromic radiographs but only with anteriorposterior, transorbital projections or CT scan of the temperomandibular joint.

A Bony Landmark 'RAI Triangle' to Prevent 'Misplaced and Misdirected' Medial Cut in SSRO.

'Rai triangle', a new anatomic landmark on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible which when identified and taken into consideration, may have a definite advantage. This is especially in terms of performing the medial horizontal cut which is an important and integral part of the sagittal split ramus osteotomy so as to avoid a bad split. The objective of this article is to propose an easily identifiable bony land mark, which is closely related to lingula of mandible that may ease the procedure of osteotomy and avoid bad splits.

Regional odontodysplasia: An unusual case report.

Regional odontodysplasia is an uncommon developmental anomaly affecting a localized area of dentition, with distinctive clinical, radiographic, and histological findings. This article reviews a case of a 14-year-old female who reported with unerupted maxillary anterior teeth. This case was rare in that it involved maxillary dentition with unerupted maxillary anterior teeth on the right side, but the left central incisor was missing.

Management of congenital bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with secondary mandibular hypoplasia.

The aim of this article is to present the course of the condition in a case of congenital temporomandibular joint ankylosis that caused facial disfigurement, significant reduction of mouth opening, difficulty in feeding and breathing, and general interference with physical development.