Enzymatic browning: The role of substrates in polyphenol oxidase mediated browning.

Enzymatic browning is a biological process that can have significant consequences for fresh produce, such as quality reduction in fruit and vegetables. It is primarily initiated by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (EC 1.14.

Inert Materials as Long-Term Carriers and Disseminators of Viable Leptosphaeria maculans Ascospores and Wider Implications for Ascomycete Pathogens.

The viability of ascospores of the Phoma stem canker (blackleg) pathogen, Leptosphaeria maculans, was tested on a range of carrier materials, including metals, fabrics, woods, and plastics, and under different temperature conditions of 23 and 4, 36 and 14, and 45 and 15°C day and night, respectively. At 23 and 4°C (day and night, respectively), ascospores remained viable for up to 240 days on Tasmanian oak (Eucalyptus regnans) and pine wood (Pinus radiata). At 36 and 14°C (day and night, respectively), ascospores remained viable on pine wood for up to 180 days.

The role of global trade and transport network topology in the human-mediated dispersal of alien species.

More people and goods are moving further and more frequently via many different trade and transport networks under current trends of globalisation. These networks can play a major role in the unintended introduction of exotic species to new locations. With the continuing rise in global trade, more research attention is being focused on the role of networks in the spread of invasive species.