Kiwifruit Resistance to and pv. and Defence Induction by Acibenzolar-S-methyl and Methyl Jasmonate Are Cultivar Dependent.

Pathogen susceptibility and defence gene inducibility were compared between the cultivar 'Hortgem Tahi' and the two cultivars of 'Hayward' and 'Zesy002'. Plants were treated with acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) one week before inoculation with pv. (Psa biovar3) or , or secondary induction with chitosan+glucan (Ch-Glu) as a potential pathogen proxy.

Effects of Drought and Flooding on Phytohormones and Abscisic Acid Gene Expression in Kiwifruit.

Environmental extremes, such as drought and flooding, are becoming more common with global warming, resulting in significant crop losses. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the plant water stress response, regulated by the abscisic acid (ABA) pathway, is crucial to building resilience to climate change. Potted kiwifruit plants (two cultivars) were exposed to contrasting watering regimes (water logging and no water).

Lipid-Based Natural Food Extracts for Effective Control of Botrytis Bunch Rot and Powdery Mildew on Field-Grown Winegrapes in New Zealand.

Synthetic controls of crop pathogens are increasingly associated with harm to the environment and human health, and pathogen resistance. Pesticide residues in crops can also act as non-tariff trade barriers. There is therefore a strong imperative to develop biologically based and natural product (NP) biofungicides as more sustainable alternatives for crop pathogen control.

Corrigendum: Phytohormone and Putative Defense Gene Expression Differentiates the Response of 'Hayward' Kiwifruit to Psa and Pfm Infections.

[This corrects the article on p. 1366 in vol. 8, PMID: 28824694.

Phytohormone and Putative Defense Gene Expression Differentiates the Response of 'Hayward' Kiwifruit to Psa and Pfm Infections.

pv. (Psa) and pv. (Pfm) are closely related pathovars infecting kiwifruit, but Psa is considered one of the most important global pathogens, whereas Pfm is not.

Microarray analysis of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) bark following challenge by the sucking insect Hemiberlesia lataniae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae).

Both commercial and experimental genotypes of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) exhibit large differences in response to insect pests. An understanding of the vine's physiological response to insect feeding and its genetic basis will be important in assisting the development of varieties with acceptable levels of pest resistance.

Transcriptome Analysis of Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) Bark in Response to Armoured Scale Insect (Hemiberlesia lataniae) Feeding.

The kiwifruit cultivar Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' is resistant to the polyphagous armoured scale insect pest Hemiberlesia lataniae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). A cDNA microarray consisting of 17,512 unigenes selected from over 132,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was used to measure the transcriptomic profile of the A. chinensis 'Hort16A' canes in response to a controlled infestation of H.

Antifungal saponins from Paris polyphylla Smith.

Three steroidal saponins, including one new and two known compounds, were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla Smith. One- and two-dimensional NMR, LC-MS, and interpretation of hydrolytic cleavage experiments led to the identification of the structure of the new saponin as ( 25R)-spirost-5-ene-3 beta,17 alpha-diol (pennogenin) 3- O-{ O- alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)- O-[ O- beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-->5)- alpha- L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->4)]- beta- D-glucopyranoside}. The isolated saponins were evaluated for their antifungal activity against Cladosporium cladosporioides and Candida species and showed comparable activity to chemicals used in some commercial products.

Complex C-glycosyl flavonoid phytoalexins from Cucumis sativus.

Extraction of cucumber leaf tissue expressing induced resistance against powdery mildew fungi revealed the presence of two new major C-glycosyl flavonoid products: vitexin-6-(4-hydroxy-1-ethylbenzene) (cucumerin A, 1) and isovitexin-8-(4-hydroxy-1-ethylbenzene) (cucumerin B, 2). In addition, the known C-glycosyl flavonoids apigenin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (vitexin, 3), apigenin-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (isovitexin, 4), luteolin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (orientin, 5), and luteolin-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (isoorientin, 6), as well as 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric acid, 7) and its methyl ester (p-came, 8), were found in higher quantities within resistant plants. The structures of 1-8 were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and unambiguously confirmed for 3-8 using co-chromatography experiments with authentic standards.