extracellular replication of endobacteria.

Obligate intracellular endobacteria of the genus are widespread in arthropods and several filarial nematodes. Control programs for vector-borne diseases (dengue, Zika, malaria) and anti-filarial therapy with antibiotics are based on this important endosymbiont. Investigating , however, is impeded by the need for host cells.

Standardized Forearm Angiography Increases Procedural Success Rates of Coronary Angiography and PCI: A Retrospective Analysis of an all-Comers Patient Cohort in a Real-Life Scenario.

Background: There is a consensus, that Transradial-Access (TRA) for coronary procedures should be preferred over Transfemoral-Access (TFA). Previously, Forearm-Artery-Angiography (FA) was mainly performed when difficulties during the advancement of the guidewire/-catheter were encountered. We explored the implication of a Standardized Forearm-Angiography (SFA) on procedural success rates of TRA under real-world conditions.

Prevalence and predictors of difficult vascular anatomy in forearm artery access for coronary angiography and PCI.

Transradial access has established as preferred access for cardiac catheterization. Difficult vascular anatomy (DVA) is a noticeable threat to procedural success. We retrospectively analyzed 1397 consecutive cardiac catheterizations to estimate prevalence and identify predictors of DVA.

AmiD Is a Novel Peptidoglycan Amidase in Endosymbionts of .

endobacteria are obligate intracellular bacteria with a highly reduced genome infecting many arthropod and filarial species, in which they manipulate arthropod reproduction to increase their transmission and are essential for nematode development and survival. The genome encodes all enzymes required for the synthesis of the cell wall building block lipid II, although a peptidoglycan-like structure has not been detected. Despite the ability to synthesize lipid II, from arthropods and nematodes have only a subset of genes encoding enzymes involved in the periplasmic processing of lipid II and peptidoglycan recycling, with arthropods having two more than nematodes.

Isolation of filamentous fungi exhibiting high endoxylanase activity in lignocellulose hydrolysate.

For complete degradation of hemicellulose into its monomers from lignocellulose biomass, the synergistic action of a broad range of hydrolytic enzymes is needed. Therefore, production of enzymes from their natural producer is desirable. To obtain a powerful β-1,4-endoxylanase producing fungus, 304 environmental samples were collected from various locations in Singapore, leading to 603 isolates.