Breast cancer pathology services in sub-Saharan Africa: a survey within population-based cancer registries.

Background: Pathologists face major challenges in breast cancer diagnostics in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The major problems identified as impairing the quality of pathology reports are shortcomings of equipment, organization and insufficiently qualified personnel. In addition, in the context of breast cancer, immunohistochemistry (IHC) needs to be available for the evaluation of biomarkers.

Challenges of health promotion and education strategies to prevent cervical cancer in India: A systematic review.

Background: Although there is a reduction in cervical cancer incidence over the years, it keeps the second position of the most common cancers among females in India. The aim of this review is to understand the challenges of health promotion and education strategies to prevent cervical cancer in India.

Materials And Methods: This review is based on 78 studies published during 1993-2017 on the topics of awareness, attitude, and acceptance toward cervical cancer, screening, and human papilloma virus vaccination among Indians.

Health system organisation and patient pathways: breast care patients' trajectories and medical doctors' practice in Mali.

Background: Information on pathways of women seeking diagnostic services due to breast- related symptoms can help highlight challenges related to the healthcare system in improving early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed the entire patient pathway, from first symptom recognition via initial healthcare visit up to final diagnosis at the pathology service in Mali. Data from questionnaire-based structured patient interviews (n = 124) were used to calculate time to first healthcare visit (median 91 days) and consecutive time to diagnosis (median 21 days) and to extract information on type of initially visited healthcare facility (community healthcare centre, referral hospital, tertiary hospital, private clinic).

Factors associated with time to first healthcare visit, diagnosis and treatment, and their impact on survival among breast cancer patients in Mali.

Objective: To analyse patient and healthcare system related factors influencing the time to first healthcare visit, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact on survival in order to advise on early detection strategies.

Methods: A prospective hospital cohort study was conducted at the only pathology department in Mali, at the University Hospital in Bamako. All the female patients with a breast cancer diagnosis between January and April 2016 were interviewed with a structured questionnaire (N = 64) to gather information about breast symptom recognition and first healthcare visit.

Why Do Women with Breast Cancer Get Diagnosed and Treated Late in Sub-Saharan Africa? Perspectives from Women and Patients in Bamako, Mali.

Background: Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women worldwide, has a high mortality rate in low-income countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, most breast cancer patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Some studies have quantified the time delay to diagnosis in sub-Saharan Africa, but very few have used qualitative methods to understand barriers leading to delay.

Breast Cancer Awareness among Middle Class Urban Women--a Community-Based Study from Mumbai, India.

Targeting breast cancer awareness along with comprehensive cancer care is appropriate in low and middle income countries like India, where there are no organized and affordable screening services. It is essential to identify the existing awareness about breast cancer in the community prior to launching an organized effort. This study assessed the existing awareness about breast cancer amongst women and their health seeking practices in an urban community in Mumbai, India.

Determinants of participation in a breast cancer screening trial in trivandrum district, India.

Background: Conspicuous differences in participation rates for breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and referral for further investigations have been observed indicating involvement of a number of different factors. This study analysed determinants for participation in different levels of the breast cancer screening process in Indian females.

Materials And Methods: An intervention group of 52,011 women was interviewed in a breast cancer screening trial in Trivandrum district, India.

Late response to patient-reported outcome questionnaires after surgery was associated with worse outcome.

Objectives: Nonresponse to patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires after surgery might bias the results. Our aim was to gauge the potential impact of nonresponse bias by comparing the outcomes of early and late responders.

Study Design And Setting: This study compares 59,565 early and 20,735 late responders who underwent a hip or knee replacement, hernia repair, or varicose vein (VV) surgery.

Factors associated with non-response in routine use of patient reported outcome measures after elective surgery in England.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly being used to compare providers. We studied whether non-response rates to post-operative questionnaires are associated with patients' characteristics and organisational features of providers.

Methods: 131,447 patients who underwent a hip or knee replacement, hernia repair or varicose vein surgery in 2009-10 in England.

Single item on patients' satisfaction with condition provided additional insight into impact of surgery.

Objective: To determine the value of a single item on patients' satisfaction with their condition for assessing outcome in four common surgical procedures.

Study Design And Setting: Four cohorts undergoing surgery for inguinal hernia (715), varicose veins (539), hip (8,383), or knee (10,187) disease. Patients completed questionnaires before and after surgery that included a single item on satisfaction with their health (based on the International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] Bother Question), disease-specific measures of symptoms/disability (Oxford Hip and Knee Scores, Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire), generic measures of symptoms/disability and of quality of life (QoL) (EQ [EuroQoL]-5D index), and single transitional items.

Psychosocial stress at work and perceived quality of care among clinicians in surgery.

Background: Little is known about the association between job stress and job performance among surgeons, although physicians' well-being could be regarded as an important quality indicator. This paper examines associations between psychosocial job stress and perceived health care quality among German clinicians in surgery.

Methods: Survey data of 1,311 surgeons from 489 hospitals were analysed.

Burnout and perceived quality of care among German clinicians in surgery.

Objective: Burnout is highly prevalent among clinicians but there is not much known about the association between burnout and quality of care. In this paper, burnout, perceived quality of care and medical errors among German clinicians in surgery are explored.

Design: Data were collected during 2008 by a cross-sectional, standardized mail survey.

Psychosocial stress among hospital doctors in surgical fields: results of a nationwide survey in Germany.

Background: The aim of this paper is to analyze psychosocial stress in the workplace among hospital doctors working in surgical fields in Germany with the aid of the demand-control model, the effort-reward imbalance model, and selected additional indicators.

Methods: A written questionnaire was answered by a stratified random sample consisting of 1311 hospital doctors working in surgical fields in 489 hospitals in Germany. Validated instruments were used to make measurements according to the demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models.

[Effort-reward imbalance, job strain and burnout among clinicians in surgery].

The aim of the study is to analyse the association between psychosocial stress at work and burnout among clinicians in surgery in Germany. For the conceptualisation of work stress the demand-control model (job strain) and the effort-reward imbalance model (ERI) were used. Based on a stratified probability sample a mail survey of 1 311 clinicians from 489 hospitals was conducted.

Education and self-reported health care seeking behaviour in European welfare regimes: results from the European Social Survey.

Objectives: This study investigates educational inequalities in the perception of need for seeking health care in 24 European countries belonging to five different welfare regimes (Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, Bismarckian, Eastern and Southern).

Methods: Based on the European Social Survey Round 2 (N = 38,122), associations between years of education and intended doctor consultation in case of four hypothetical symptoms (backache, sore throat, sleeping problems and headache) are analysed by multiple logistic regressions.

Results: People with less years of education tend to be more likely to consult a doctor compared to people with more education years after adjustment for age and gender.

Social inequality, lifestyles and health - a non-linear canonical correlation analysis based on the approach of Pierre Bourdieu.

Objectives: Based on the theoretical and empirical approach of Pierre Bourdieu, a multivariate non-linear method is introduced as an alternative way to analyse the complex relationships between social determinants and health.

Methods: The analysis is based on face-to-face interviews with 695 randomly selected respondents aged 30 to 59. Variables regarding socio-economic status, life circumstances, lifestyles, health-related behaviour and health were chosen for the analysis.