First Report of Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus (INSV) Infecting Tomatoes in North Carolina.

Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) (Orthotospovirus impatiensnecromaculae) is a virus in the Order Bunyavirales and Family Tospoviridae. The virus is vectored by several species of thrips and is a serious pathogen of ornamentals and lettuce in the United States (Hasegawa & Del Pozo-Valdivia 2023; Daughtrey, M. L.

First Report of Resistance-Breaking Variants of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Infecting Tomatoes with the Sw-5 Tospovirus-Resistance Gene in North Carolina.

Widespread use of tomato cultivars with the Sw-5 resistance gene has led to the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) strains of tomato spotted wilt virus across the globe. In June of 2022, tomato spotted wilt (TSW) symptoms were observed at two farms (A and B, within 15 miles of each other) in Rowan County, NC on several commercial TSW resistant tomato cultivars (all heterozygous for the Sw-5 gene). At farm A, ~10% of plants had symptomatic foliage with ~30% of fruit with symptoms, while at farm B, up to 50% of plants had symptomatic foliage with ~80% of fruit with symptoms.

Comparative large-scale analysis of interactions between several crop species and the effector repertoires from multiple pathovars of Pseudomonas and Ralstonia.

Bacterial plant pathogens manipulate their hosts by injection of numerous effector proteins into host cells via type III secretion systems. Recognition of these effectors by the host plant leads to the induction of a defense reaction that often culminates in a hypersensitive response manifested as cell death. Genes encoding effector proteins can be exchanged between different strains of bacteria via horizontal transfer, and often individual strains are capable of infecting multiple hosts.

The genomic architecture of disease resistance in lettuce.

Genbank and The Compositae Genome Project database, containing over 42,000 lettuce unigenes from Lactuca sativa cv. Salinas and L. serriola accession UC96US23 were mined to identify 702 candidate genes involved in pathogen recognition (RGCs), resistance signal transduction, defense responses, and disease susceptibility.