Penicillin concentrations in bone and subcutaneous tissue: A porcine microdialysis study comparing oral and intravenous treatment.

Penicillin is available in both an oral (penicillin V) and intravenous formulation (penicillin G), theoretically allowing for a safe transition between the two. However, the use of oral penicillin remains a topic of debate due to low and variable bioavailability. This study aimed to assess the time for which the free penicillin concentration exceeded targeted minimum inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species (0.

Altered desensitization and internalization patterns of rodent versus human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors. An important drug discovery challenge.

Background And Purpose: The gut hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) signals via the GIP receptor (GIPR), resulting in postprandial potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The translation of results from rodent studies to human studies has been challenged by the unexpected effects of GIPR-targeting compounds. We, therefore, investigated the variation between species, focusing on GIPR desensitization and the role of the receptor C-terminus.

The effects of troponin screening among patients undergoing acute high-risk abdominal surgery: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Acute high-risk abdominal (AHA) surgery is associated with a high short-term mortality rate. This might be partly attributed to myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) defined by elevated postoperative troponin levels. The myocardial injury is often asymptomatic; thus, troponin screening seems to be the best diagnostic method.

Intravenous MELAtonin for prevention of Postoperative Agitation and Emergence Delirium in children (MELA-PAED): A protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Emergence agitation and delirium in children remain a common clinical challenge in the post-anesthetic care unit. Preoperative oral melatonin has been suggested as an effective preventive drug with a favorable safety profile. The oral bioavailability of melatonin, however, is low.

A roadmap to strengthen standardisation efforts in risk governance of nanotechnology.

A roadmap was developed to strengthen standardisation activities for risk governance of nanotechnology. Its baseline is the available standardised and harmonised methods for nanotechnology developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In order to identify improvements and needs for new themes in standardisation work, an analysis of the state-of-the-art concepts and interpretations of risk governance of nanotechnology was performed.

Biomarker expression and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy in Denmark.

Introduction: Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression may help identify patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who would benefit from immunotherapy. We assessed PD-L1 expression, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and V-Ki-Ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutations in NSCLC patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods: Data for stage IB/II/IIIA NSCLC patients (diagnosed: 2001-2012) were retrieved from Danish population-based registries.

Piperacillin Steady State Concentrations in Target Tissues Relevant for PJI Treatment-A Randomized Porcine Microdialysis Study Comparing Continuous Infusion with Intermittent Short-Term Infusion.

(1) Introduction: Piperacillin is a common antibiotic choice in the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) caused by . The aim of this study was to assess and compare the time with free piperacillin concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) at steady state in target tissues relevant for PJI treatment following continuous and intermittent short-term infusion. (2) Methods: 16 pigs were randomized to receive either continuous or intermittent short-term infusion of piperacillin.

Commentary on "Safe(r) by design implementation in the nanotechnology industry" [NanoImpact 20 (2020) 100267] and "Integrative approach in a safe by design context combining risk, life cycle and socio-economic assessment for safer and sustainable nanomaterials" [NanoImpact 23 (2021) 100335].

Commentary on two recent papers published in NanoImpact "Safe(r) by design implementation in the nanotechnology industry" and "Integrative approach in a safe by design context combining risk, life cycle and socio-economic assessment for safer and sustainable nanomaterials".

The incidence of psychoactive substances and alcohol among impaired drivers in Denmark in 2015-2019.

This study examines the presence of psychoactive drugs and alcohol in blood from apprehended drivers driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) and alcohol in Denmark in a five-year period from 2015 to 2019. Data were analysed with respect to gender, age, substances with concentrations above the Danish legal limit, arresting time of day and repeat arrest. By request of the police, the blood samples were subjected to analysis for alcohol and/or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alone, for "other drugs" (covering all drugs including new psychoactive substances (NPS), except THC, listed in the Danish list of narcotic drugs) or for both THC and other drugs.

The Danish comorbidity in liver transplant recipients study (DACOLT): a non-interventional prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. Short-term survival has improved due to improved surgical techniques and greater efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs. However, long-term survival has not improved to the same extent as the short-term survival, and the 10-year survival after liver transplantation is 60%.

Developing OECD test guidelines for regulatory testing of nanomaterials to ensure mutual acceptance of test data.

The OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials (WPMN) provides a global forum for discussion of nano-safety issues. Together with the OECD Test Guidelines Programme (TGP) the WPMN has explored the need for adaptation of some of the existing OECD Test Guidelines (TGs) and Guidance Documents (GDs) as well as developing new TGs and GDs to specifically address NM issues. An overview is provided of progress in the TGP and WPMN, and information on supporting initiatives, regarding the development of TGs for nanomaterials addressing Physical Chemical Properties, Effects on Biotic Systems, Environmental Fate and Behaviour, and Health Effects.

Physico-chemical properties of manufactured nanomaterials - Characterisation and relevant methods. An outlook based on the OECD Testing Programme.

Identifying and characterising nanomaterials require additional information on physico-chemical properties and test methods, compared to chemicals in general. Furthermore, regulatory decisions for chemicals are usually based upon certain toxicological properties, and these effects may not be equivalent to those for nanomaterials. However, regulatory agencies lack an authoritative decision framework for nanomaterials that links the relevance of certain physico-chemical endpoints to toxicological effects.

An exploration of the prevalence and predictors of work-related well-being among psychosocial oncology professionals: An application of the job demands-resources model.

Objective: Burnout is reportedly high among oncology healthcare workers. Psychosocial oncologists may be particularly vulnerable to burnout. However, their work engagement may also be high, counteracting stress in the workplace.

Review of achievements of the OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials' Testing and Assessment Programme. From exploratory testing to test guidelines.

This paper charts the almost ten years of history of OECD's work on nanosafety, during which the programme of the OECD on the Testing and Assessment of Manufactured Nanomaterials covered the testing of eleven nanomaterials for about 59 end-points addressing physical-chemical properties, mammalian and environmental toxicity, environmental fate and material safety. An overview of the materials tested, the test methods applied and the discussions regarding the applicability of the OECD test guidelines, which are recognised methods for regulatory testing of chemicals, are given. The results indicate that many existing OECD test guidelines are suitable for nanomaterials and consequently, hazard data collected using such guidelines will fall under OECD's system of Mutual Acceptance of Data (MAD) which is a legally binding instrument to facilitate the international acceptance of information for the regulatory safety assessment of chemicals.

Grouping and Read-Across Approaches for Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials.

Physicochemical properties of chemicals affect their exposure, toxicokinetics/fate and hazard, and for nanomaterials, the variation of these properties results in a wide variety of materials with potentially different risks. To limit the amount of testing for risk assessment, the information gathering process for nanomaterials needs to be efficient. At the same time, sufficient information to assess the safety of human health and the environment should be available for each nanomaterial.

Burnout among psychosocial oncologists: an application and extension of the effort-reward imbalance model.

Objectives: Burnout is a significant problem among healthcare professionals working within the oncology setting. This study aimed to investigate predictors of emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalisation (DP) in psychosocial oncologists, through the application of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model with an additional focus on the role of meaningful work in the burnout process.

Methods: Psychosocial oncology clinicians (n = 417) in direct patient contact who were proficient in English were recruited from 10 international psychosocial oncology societies.

Detection and quantification of microRNA in cerebral microdialysate.

Background: Secondary brain injury accounts for a major part of the morbidity and mortality in patients with spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the pathogenesis and pathophysiology remain controversial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important posttranscriptional regulators of complementary mRNA targets and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of other types of acute brain injury. Cerebral microdialysis is a promising tool to investigate these mechanisms.

Better understanding of the EU regulatory frameworks for cosmetic products.

This letter to the editor corrects some misunderstandings regarding the EU regulations covering cosmetic products stated in a recent publication by A. Sobek et al. "In the shadow of the cosmetics directive - Inconsistencies in EU environmental hazard classification requirements for UV-filters" published in Science of the Total Environment 461-462 (2013) 706-711.

Psychoactive substances in seriously injured drivers in Denmark.

This study assesses the presence of a number of psychoactive substances, including alcohol, based on blood samples from 840 seriously injured drivers admitted to five selected hospitals located in five different regions of Denmark. The study was a part of the EU 6th framework program DRUID (Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines). Blood samples were screened for 30 illegal and legal psychoactive substances and metabolites as well as ethanol.

Presence of psychoactive substances in oral fluid from randomly selected drivers in Denmark.

This roadside study is the Danish part of the EU-project DRUID (Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol, and Medicines) and included three representative regions in Denmark. Oral fluid samples (n=3002) were collected randomly from drivers using a sampling scheme stratified by time, season, and road type. The oral fluid samples were screened for 29 illegal and legal psychoactive substances and metabolites as well as ethanol.