Survey of Pediatric Pharmacy Residency Program Directors and Former Residents on Post-Graduate Training Paths.

Objective: There are currently no data comparing outcomes of traditional vs pediatric-focused PGY1 residency programs. The primary objective of the survey was to identify if a difference in resident preparedness for a PGY2 pediatric pharmacy residency exists between these PGY1 program types.

Methods: This survey-based study included all PGY2 pediatric residency program directors (RPDs) in 2021 and PGY2 pediatric pharmacy residents who completed residency between 2016-2020.

Evaluation of Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing for Urinary Tract Infection in Pediatric Patients Ages 2 Months to 18 Years.

Objective: To characterize the diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in pediatric patients at the University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System (UIH), with an emphasis on antibiotic prescribing; in addition, to characterize pediatric uropathogen patterns to help guide future empiric therapy choices.

Methods: We used a retrospective, descriptive study of pediatric patients ages 2 months to ≤18 years seen at the UIH emergency department or clinic from January 1, 2014, to August 31, 2018, with ICD-9 or ICD-10 discharge diagnosis of UTI. Data collected included presenting symptoms, urinalysis, details of antibiotic regimens, urine culture, and susceptibility results.

Perceptions of a virtual interview process for pharmacy residents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multisite survey of residency candidates, preceptors, and residency program directors.

Purpose: To describe the perceptions of residency candidates, residency practitioners (current residents and preceptors), and residency program directors (RPDs) regarding a virtual interview process for pharmacy residency programs across multiple institutions.

Methods: In May 2021, an anonymous web-based questionnaire characterizing perceptions of the virtual interview process used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was distributed to residency candidates, residency practitioners, and RPDs across 13 institutions. Quantitative responses measured on a 5-point Likert scale were summarized with descriptive statistics, and open-ended questions were analyzed using thematic qualitative methods.

Addressing pharmacy training expectations and the preceptor perspective: Essential components to COVID-19 training adjustments.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles , AJHP is these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Evaluation of the Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates Exposed to Antenatal Indomethacin.

Objective: Evidence is limited about important maternal and neonatal risk factors that affect neonatal renal function. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and identification of associated risk factors in neonates exposed to antenatal indomethacin was studied.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of neonates exposed to antenatal indomethacin within 1 week of delivery was analyzed for development of AKI up to 15 days of life.

Identification of Errors in Pediatric Prescriptions and Interventions to Prevent Errors: A Survey of Community Pharmacists.

Objectives: Assess the competency of community pharmacists in identifying errors in pediatric prescriptions and to determine how often pharmacists perform interventions known to mitigate the likelihood of error. The study sought to recognize factors that may impact the pharmacist's ability to identify and mediate these errors, and to detect barriers that limit the role of the pharmacist pediatric patient care.

Methods: A survey was distributed through the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy Alumni Network and the Illinois Pharmacists Association email listservs.

Morphine: An Effective Abortive Therapy for Pediatric Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity After Hypoxic Brain Injury.

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by hyperadrenergic activity and autonomic dysfunction. Also termed autonomic storms, PSH can occur after a variety of cerebral insults, most commonly traumatic brain injury. Limited pediatric literature is available, especially in patients with brain injury from hypoxia.

Balance of academic responsibilities of clinical track pharmacy faculty in the United States: a survey of select American College of Clinical Pharmacy Practice and Research Network Members.

Study Objectives: To characterize the balance of clinical and academic responsibilities of clinical track pharmacy faculty in the United States and evaluate organizational structures that promote satisfactory balance between these responsibilities.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional survey.

Setting: A 22-item online survey was developed and distributed via Qualtrics software.

Comparison of the timing of initial prophylactic palivizumab dosing on hospitalization of neonates for respiratory syncytial virus.

Purpose: The effects of two prophylactic palivizumab schedules on hospitalization of neonates for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were compared.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary care, academic medical center. Patients were divided into two groups.

Pharmacotherapy of pediatric advanced life support and toxicological emergencies.

Guidelines for pediatric advanced life support have been available for nearly a quarter of a century. Recommendations for the pharmacological management of pediatric cardiac arrest have changed over these years. Several important differences have been observed between adult advanced cardiac life support and pediatric advanced life support that must be recognized when children require resuscitation, such as the cause of the arrest, age-specific monitoring parameters, weight-based medication dosing, and obstacles in obtaining venous access.

Patent ductus arteriosus in premature neonates.

Persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. In infants born prior to 28 weeks of gestation, a haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can cause cardiovascular instability, exacerbate respiratory distress syndrome, prolong the need for assisted ventilation and increase the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular haemorrhage, renal dysfunction, cerebral palsy and mortality. We review the pathophysiology, clinical features and assessment of haemodynamic significance, and provide a rigorous appraisal of the quality of evidence to support current medical and surgical management of PDA of prematurity.