Conventional medication adherence and self-treatment practices among South Asian immigrants: a qualitative study.

Introduction Globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of death. The highest CVD rate is among South Asian populations and South Asian immigrants have a higher risk of developing CVD than other ethnic groups. While treatment of established CVD risk factors is recommended, medication adherence may be poor.

Enablers and barriers to dietary change for Māori with nutrition-related conditions in Aotearoa New Zealand: a scoping review.

Objective: Māori, the Indigenous population of Aotearoa New Zealand, face a substantial burden of nutrition-related diseases, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes. Weight loss, through dietary change, is a central component of obesity and diabetes prevention and management; however, most approaches have not been designed with or evaluated specifically for Māori. The aim of this study was to review literature on the enablers and barriers to dietary change, for Māori.

Adolescents' perceptions of food outlets in the school neighbourhood and their unhealthy snacking behaviour on the way to and from school.

Objective: To understand the relationship between adolescents' unhealthy snacking behaviour during their school journey and their perceived and objective measures of food outlet availability in the school neighbourhood.

Design: A cross-sectional survey enquired about socio-demographic information, school transport modes, perceived presence of food outlets in the school neighbourhood and unhealthy food purchase and consumption on the school journey. A geographical information system analysis of the food outlets within 500 m and 1000 m school buffers was undertaken.

Physical activity, screen time and dietary behaviours in New Zealand adolescents prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Insufficient physical activity, high screen time, and unhealthy dietary patterns among adolescents may have worsened during the pandemic, but data are lacking. This study compared physical activity, screen time and fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents from Dunedin, New Zealand, 5-6 years before (Study 1) and during (Study 2) the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Adolescents completed an online survey as part of the Built Environment and Active Transport to School (BEATS) studies in 2014/2015 (Study 1; n = 1,266; age: 15.

Dietary Pattern Indicators among Healthy and Unhealthy Weight Adolescents Residing in Different Contexts across the Otago Region, New Zealand.

Reported obesity rates for adolescents in different urban and rural areas are inconsistent. We examined indicators of healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns among 1863 adolescents aged 13-18 years with a healthy or excess body weight attending 23 secondary schools in four different settlement types across the Otago region, New Zealand. An online survey included demographics and dietary behaviours.

Are women with gestational diabetes being screened for type 2 diabetes following pregnancy? A nationwide retrospective cohort study in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Aim: To estimate the proportion of women with a first episode of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Aotearoa (New Zealand) who received postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Data from 941,468 pregnancies occurring between 2005 and 2015 were linked with laboratory, community pharmacy, and hospital discharge data from the Ministry of Health's National Collections to identify a cohort of women who had a first episode of GDM (n = 14,443). Proportions receiving a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during the first year postpartum were estimated overall, and by calendar year, ethnic group, age, deprivation, and region.

Very low carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: Very low carbohydrate/ketogenic diets (VLC/KDs) are popular but their role in managing pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is uncertain. This study uses a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to estimate the effect of these diets in this population.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review identified randomized controlled trials of at least 6 months duration comparing efficacy and safety of VLC/KDs (≤50 g carbohydrate or ≤10% total energy from carbohydrate per day) with a control diet (carbohydrate above the VLC/KD threshold) in adults with pre-diabetes or T2D.

Diabetes-related foot disease research in Aotearoa New Zealand: a bibliometric analysis (1970-2020).

Background: The aim of this bibliometric study was to examine trends in the quality and quantity of published diabetes-related foot disease (DRFD) research in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ) over the past five decades.

Method: In July 2021, the Scopus® database was searched for DRFD-related publications (1970-2020) using predetermined search and inclusion criteria. Bibliometric data were extracted from Scopus® and Journal Citation Reports.

A diagnosis of prediabetes when combined with lifestyle advice and support is considered helpful rather than a negative label by a demographically diverse group: A qualitative study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the experience and perceptions of a diagnosis of prediabetes among a demographically diverse sample of New Zealanders who had, and had not, regressed to normoglycaemia following participation in a primary care nurse-delivered intervention for 6 months. The sample included Indigenous Māori who have high rates of diabetes and associated co-morbidities.

Methods: A purposefully selected sample of 58 people with prediabetes and BMI >25 kg/m, stratified by male/female, Māori/non-Māori, and those who had/had not regressed to normoglycaemia, after completing 6-months of a prediabetes intervention were interviewed.

School Bag-Related Factors and Their Implications for Walking and Cycling to School among New Zealand Adolescents.

Excessive school bag weight may be a modifiable barrier to active transport to school. This study examined correlates of school bag weight and adolescents' perceptions of excessive school bag weight for walking and cycling to school among New Zealand adolescents living in diverse settlement types. Adolescents ( = 1512; 15.

Hidden figures and misnomers: a case for disaggregated Asian health statistics in Aotearoa New Zealand to improve health outcomes.

People of Asian ethnicity in Aotearoa New Zealand currently constitute 15% of the population. The majority are migrants. The current sources of data to monitor Asian health in New Zealand are routine population surveys and administrative data.

The effectiveness of goal setting on glycaemic control for people with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: This review assessed the effectiveness of interventions using a goal-setting approach on glycaemic control for people diagnosed with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.

Design: A systematic review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for conducting systematic reviews of primary research studies was conducted.

Data Sources: Randomized controlled trials and experimental studies with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months were considered for inclusion.

Proximal and distal influences on dietary change among a diverse group with prediabetes participating in a pragmatic, primary care nurse-led intervention: a qualitative study.

Objective: To understand motivators, facilitators and challenges to dietary change amongst a diverse sample of New Zealanders with prediabetes participating in a primary care nurse-led individualised dietary intervention.

Design: A qualitative study involving semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with a stratified sample of adults with prediabetes and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, purposefully selected from a larger 2-year primary care-based prediabetes dietary intervention study. Thematic analysis was undertaken.

Comparison of physical activity patterns across large, medium and small urban areas and rural settings in the Otago Region, New Zealand.

Aim: This study compared accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) patterns in adolescents living in diverse urban and rural areas of Otago, New Zealand.

Method: Participants (n=377; age: 14.9±1.

Dynamic Pupillometry in Type 2 Diabetes: Pupillary Autonomic Dysfunction and the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: Autonomic dysfunction may precede the microvascular changes that characterise diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this pilot study was to measure and compare pupillometry indices in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients - with and without diabetic retinopathy - and in healthy, age-matched controls.

Methods: Two hundred and eleven participants with T2DM aged 45-80 years were recruited from Dunedin Hospital Eye Department, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Development and Pilot Testing of a Diabetes Foot Care and Complications Questionnaire for Adults with Diabetes in Oman: The Diabetic Foot Disease and Foot Care Questionnaire.

Objectives: Diabetic foot disease causes substantial morbidity and mortality, but it can be prevented. Our study examined the frequency of diabetes-related foot problems and foot self-care practices, as reported by consecutive patients attending primary and secondary diabetes services in Muscat, Oman.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey utilizing a newly developed and pre-tested questionnaire was conducted at eight primary health care centers and one polyclinic (secondary care) in A'Seeb, Muscat.

Exploring the role of goal setting in weight loss for adults recently diagnosed with pre-diabetes.

Background: The management of prediabetes in the community setting is a global priority. We evaluated the feasibility of a 6-month multilevel practice nurse-led prediabetes dietary intervention which involved goal setting. The aim of this paper is to explore the weight loss goals and strategies reported by participants to achieve their weight loss goals as recorded by practice nurses, and report on factors that influenced dietary behaviours.

Minimization of bias in measures of gestational weight gain.

Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an important predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes including gestational diabetes, preterm birth, delivery by caesarean and post-partum weight retention. The Institute of Medicine guidelines on GWG are widely adopted, and GWG is widely researched as an outcome of interest in lifestyle interventions during pregnancy. However, estimation of prepregnancy weight and measurement of weight prior to delivery introduce bias into measures of GWG.

Using a citizens' jury approach to determine a good nutrition resource for pregnant women.

Objective: The development of user-friendly nutrition resources for pregnant women seldom involves end-users. This qualitative study used a citizens' jury approach to determine if our modification of a longstanding, frequently used dietitian-informed diet and diabetes booklet was deemed to be a good healthy eating resource for pregnant women.

Design: Midwives recruited thirteen first-time pregnant women not requiring specialist obstetric care or specialist dietetic advice for any reason.

Built environment changes and active transport to school among adolescents: BEATS Natural Experiment Study protocol.

Introduction: Natural experiments are considered a priority for examining causal associations between the built environment (BE) and physical activity (PA) because the randomised controlled trial design is rarely feasible. Few natural experiments have examined the effects of walking and cycling infrastructure on PA and active transport in adults, and none have examined the effects of such changes on PA and active transport to school among adolescents. We conducted the Built Environment and Active Transport to School (BEATS) Study in Dunedin city, New Zealand, in 2014-2017.

Diagnostic delays and treatment challenges in children with coeliac disease: The New Zealand Coeliac Health Survey.

Aim: Coeliac disease (CD) is an increasingly common immune-mediated disorder. Treatment is a life-long gluten-free diet. The aim of this study was to describe the presenting symptoms, delays in diagnosis and difficulties associated with managing CD in children.

The cost of diabetes-related hospital care to the Southern District Health Board in 2016/17.

Aim: To estimate the cost of diabetes-related hospital admissions to the Southern District Health Board for the year 2016/17.

Methods: Unidentified data with an ICD-10-AM diagnostic code for any type of diabetes were obtained for admissions to Dunedin and Southland Hospitals. Each admission was categorised according to whether the diabetes diagnostic code was listed first, second or subsequently, and by diagnostic group within each of these three categories.