Vaccine induction of heterologous HIV-1-neutralizing antibody B cell lineages in humans.

A critical roadblock to HIV vaccine development is the inability to induce B cell lineages of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in humans. In people living with HIV-1, bnAbs take years to develop. The HVTN 133 clinical trial studied a peptide/liposome immunogen targeting B cell lineages of HIV-1 envelope (Env) membrane-proximal external region (MPER) bnAbs (NCT03934541).

Multivariate lesion symptom mapping for predicting trajectories of recovery from aphasia.

Individuals with post-stroke aphasia tend to recover their language to some extent; however, it remains challenging to reliably predict the nature and extent of recovery that will occur in the long term. The aim of this study was to quantitatively predict language outcomes in the first year of recovery from aphasia across multiple domains of language and at multiple timepoints post-stroke. We recruited 217 patients with aphasia following acute left hemisphere ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke and evaluated their speech and language function using the Quick Aphasia Battery acutely and then acquired longitudinal follow-up data at up to three timepoints post-stroke: 1 month ( = 102), 3 months ( = 98) and 1 year ( = 74).

Defining genetic diversity of rhesus macaque Fcγ receptors with long-read RNA sequencing.

Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are membrane-bound glycoproteins that bind to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) constant regions of IgG antibodies. Interactions between IgG immune complexes and FcγRs can initiate signal transduction that mediates important components of the immune response including activation of immune cells for clearance of opsonized pathogens or infected host cells. In humans, many studies have identified associations between FcγR gene polymorphisms and risk of infection, or progression of disease, suggesting a gene-level impact on FcγR-dependent immune responses.

Allergic Asthma Responses Are Dependent on Macrophage Ontogeny.

The ontogenetic composition of tissue-resident macrophages following injury, environmental exposure, or experimental depletion can be altered upon re-establishment of homeostasis. However, the impact of altered resident macrophage ontogenetic milieu on subsequent immune responses is poorly understood. Hence, we assessed the effect of macrophage ontogeny alteration following return to homeostasis on subsequent allergic airway responses to house dust mites (HDM).

Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Distinct Immune and Smooth Muscle Cell Populations that Contribute to Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a sequela of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in which the PE remodels into a chronic scar in the pulmonary arteries. This results in vascular obstruction, pulmonary microvasculopathy, and pulmonary hypertension. Our current understanding of CTEPH pathobiology is primarily derived from cell-based studies limited by the use of specific cell markers or phenotypic modulation in cell culture.

Commentary on "Consciousness as a Memory System" by Budson, Richman, and Kensinger (2022).

Consciouness is a phenomenon that has eluded explanation by generations of physicians and scientists. Many discussions, experiments, and theories about consciousness have been published, but none has adequately explained the phenomenon. In the previous issue, Budson and colleagues (2022) present a theory of consciousness based on explicit memory processes, with consciousness developing in the context of memory function.

Dam-Infant Rhesus Macaque Pairs to Dissect Age-Dependent Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to a pandemic of unprecedented scale. An intriguing feature of the infection is the minimal disease in most children, a demographic at higher risk for other respiratory viral diseases. To investigate age-dependent effects of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, we inoculated two rhesus macaque monkey dam-infant pairs with SARS-CoV-2 and conducted virological and transcriptomic analyses of the respiratory tract and evaluated systemic cytokine and Ab responses.

Recovery from aphasia in the first year after stroke.

Most individuals who experience aphasia after a stroke recover to some extent, with the majority of gains taking place in the first year. The nature and time course of this recovery process is only partially understood, especially its dependence on lesion location and extent, which are the most important determinants of outcome. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of patterns of recovery from aphasia in the first year after stroke.

Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Update and Future Therapies.

Purpose Of Review: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents about 15% of all strokes in the USA, but almost 50% of fatal strokes. There are many causes of ICH, but the most common are hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. This review will discuss new advances in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Protocolizing the Workup for Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Improves Outcomes.

Background: The workup for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) can be difficult to coordinate, and determining appropriate patients for ventriculoperitoneal shunting can be challenging. Therefore, we hypothesized that implementing a formalized protocol can improve patient selection for a shunt. In conjunction with neurology and neurosurgery, we instituted a standardized means of assessing patients whose presentation is concerning for INPH and compared their workup with similar patients seen without the Protocol (i.

Association of asymptomatic hemorrhage after endovascular stroke treatment with outcomes.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) occurs in ~20%-30% of stroke patients undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT). However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the effect of asymptomatic ICH (aICH) on post-EVT outcomes. We sought to evaluate the effect of aICH on immediate and 90-day post-EVT neurological outcomes.

Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Atrial Fibrillation: the LAA-CAA Cohort.

Anticoagulation increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), so the management of stroke-risk in patients with both atrial fibrillation (AF) and CAA is controversial. Advances in left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) techniques provide a stroke-risk-reduction option which avoids long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC). We aimed to evaluate the safety of this intervention in patients with CAA.

Mechanical Thrombectomy in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Severe Pre-Stroke Disability.

Frequency and outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in clinical practice for patients with severe pre-stroke disability are largely unknown. In this case series, we aim to describe the disability make-up and outcomes of 33 patients with severe pre-stroke disability undergoing MT. Patients with a permanent, severe, pre-stroke disability (modified Rankin Score, mRS, 4-5) were identified from a prospectively-maintained database of consecutive, MT-treated, anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke patients at two comprehensive stroke centers in the United States.

Misdiagnosis of lamotrigine toxicity as posterior circulation transient ischemic attack or stroke.

Purpose: Lamotrigine (LTG) is one of the most used antiseizure medications (ASMs). Titration is indicated for incomplete seizure control, but toxicity with vertigo, ataxia, and diplopia may ensue. Lamotrigine concentration would be the optimal diagnostic test.

Intravenous Fibrinolysis for Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Cohort Study and Updated Patient-Level Meta-Analysis.

Background And Purpose: Central retinal artery occlusion results in sudden, painless, usually permanent loss of vision in the affected eye. There is no proven, effective treatment to salvage visual acuity and a clear, unmet need for an effective therapy. In this work, we evaluated the efficacy of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV alteplase) in a prospective cohort study and an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: JACC Focus Seminar.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for a disproportionate amount of stroke-related morbidity and mortality. Although chronic hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the underlying cerebral vasculopathies accounting for the majority of ICH, there are a broad range of potential causes, and effective management requires accurate identification and treatment of the underlying mechanism of hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging and vascular imaging techniques play a critical role in identifying disease mechanisms.