Carbohydrate Ingestion Eliminates Hypoglycemia & Improves Endurance Exercise Performance in Triathletes Adapted to Very Low & High Carbohydrate Isocaloric Diets.

Very-low-carbohydrate diets (LCHF; <50g/day) have been debated for their potential to lower pre-exercise muscle and liver glycogen stores and metabolic efficiency, risking premature fatigue. It is also hypothesized that carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise delays fatigue by increasing carbohydrate oxidation, thereby sparing muscle glycogen. Leveraging a randomized crossover design, we evaluated performance during strenuous time-to-exhaustion (70%⩒O) tests in trained triathletes following 6-week high-carbohydrate (HCLF, 380g/day) or very-low-carbohydrate (LCHF, 40g/day) diets to determine (i) if adoption of the LCHF diet impairs time-to-exhaustion performance, (ii) whether carbohydrate ingestion (10g/hour) 6-12x lower than current CHO fuelling recommendations during low glycogen availability (>15-hour pre-exercise overnight fast and/or LCHF diet) improves time-to-exhaustion by preventing exercise-induced hypoglycemia (EIH; <3.

Mutual gaze and movement synchrony boost observers' enjoyment and perception of togetherness when watching dance duets.

As social beings, we are adept at coordinating our body movements and gaze with others. Often, when coordinating with another person, we orient ourselves to face them, as mutual gaze provides valuable cues pertaining to attention and intentions. Moreover, movement synchrony and mutual gaze are associated with prosocial outcomes, yet the perceptual consequences of these forms of coordination remain poorly understood.

Face naming and recollection represent key memory deficits in developmental prosopagnosia.

Previous studies have found that face perception deficits do not fully account for the severity of face recognition deficits in developmental prosopagnosia (DP). Researchers have begun identifying deficient memory mechanisms such as impaired face recollection, but these findings require replication, and further characterization of additional memory deficits is necessary. Our goals were to replicate prior findings of face recollection impairment in DP and extend these findings to assess different types of face associative memory.

Social Interaction Anxiety in Developmental Prosopagnosia: Prevalence, Severity, and Individual Differences.

Objective: Although elevated social anxiety in developmental prosopagnosia (DP) has been reported in anecdotal and qualitative studies, the current study sought to better quantify the prevalence, severity, and moderators of social anxiety in a large DP sample.

Method: A total of 88 DPs and 58 controls completed the validated Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and assessments of face recognition, autism traits, personality (Big Five Inventory), and coping strategies.

Results: DPs reported greater social anxiety symptoms (M = 30.

Fox Insight at 5 years - a cohort of 54,000 participants contributing longitudinal patient-reported outcome, genetic, and microbiome data relating to Parkinson's disease.

Fox Insight is an online, longitudinal study of over 54,000 people with and without Parkinson's disease, facilitating discovery, validation, and reproducibility in Parkinson's disease research. The study administers routine longitudinal assessments, one-time questionnaires on an array of topics such as environmental exposure or COVID-19, plus genetic and microbiome data collection. Researchers can explore and download patient-reported outcomes data and Parkinson's disease related genetic variants upon completing a Data Use Agreement.

A machine learning contest enhances automated freezing of gait detection and reveals time-of-day effects.

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a debilitating problem that markedly impairs the mobility and independence of 38-65% of people with Parkinson's disease. During a FOG episode, patients report that their feet are suddenly and inexplicably "glued" to the floor. The lack of a widely applicable, objective FOG detection method obstructs research and treatment.

Perceptual heterogeneity in developmental prosopagnosia is continuous, not categorical.

Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is associated with considerable perceptual heterogeneity, though the nature of this heterogeneity and whether there are discrete subgroups versus continuous deficits remains unclear. Bennetts et al. (2022) recently found that holistic versus featural processing deficits distinguished discrete DP subgroups, but their sample was relatively small (N = 37), and subgroups were defined using a single task.

Mother knows best: Mothers are more egocentric towards their own child's bodily feelings.

Our emotional state can influence how we understand other people's emotions, leading to biases in social understanding. Yet emotional egocentric biases in specific relationships such as parent-child dyads, where not only understanding but also emotional and bodily regulation is key, remain relatively unexplored. To investigate these biases and control for sensory priors, we first conducted two experiments in dyads of adult strangers (total N=75) using a bodily Emotional Egocentricity Task that enables simultaneous affective tactile stimulation within a dyad.

Three key questions to move towards a theoretical framework of visuospatial perspective taking.

What would a theory of visuospatial perspective taking (VSPT) look like? Here, ten researchers in the field, many with different theoretical viewpoints and empirical approaches, present their consensus on the three big questions we need to answer in order to bring this theory (or these theories) closer.

Financing Policy Considerations From Texas to Optimize Care for Children With Medical Complexity.

Texas has a tremendous opportunity and momentum to build a more effective system of care for children with medical complexity (CMC) and their families. This is evidenced by growing collaboration among many committed partners since implementation of the Medicaid STAR Kids managed care program in 2016 and Texas' participation in a US Health Resources and Services Administration-funded, 10-state Collaborative Improvement and Innovation Network to Advance Care for CMC from 2017 to 2022. Texas has several comprehensive health homes for CMC that position the state to serve as a national model of integrated, family-centered care for CMC and ensure high-quality care to an exceedingly vulnerable population.

Laser-driven ramp-compression experiments on the national ignition facility.

This report details the analyses and related uncertainties in measuring longitudinal-stress-density paths in indirect laser-driven ramp equation-of-state (EOS) experiments [Smith et al., Nat. Astron.

American Football Play and Parkinson Disease Among Men.

Importance: Parkinsonism and Parkinson disease (PD) are known to result from repetitive head impacts from boxing. Repetitive head impacts from American football may also be associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative pathologies that cause parkinsonism, yet in vivo research on the association between football play and PD is scarce and limited by small samples and equivocal findings.

Objective: To evaluate the association between football participation and self-reported parkinsonism or PD diagnosis.

Interoceptive abilities facilitate taking another's spatial perspective.

Information can be perceived from a multiplicity of spatial perspectives, which is central to effectively understanding and interacting with our environment and other people. Interoception, the sense of the physiological state of our body, is also a fundamental component contributing to our perception. However, whether the perception of our inner body signals influences our ability to adopt and flexibly change between different spatial perspectives remains poorly understood.

The role of aggregation and ionization in the chemical instability of Amphotericin B in aqueous methanol.

Amphotericin B (AmB) is a potent antimicrobial agent used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the mechanism of its aqueous instability remains not yet fully understood, especially the role that its aggregation state plays in this process. Therefore, the current study used an aqueous methanol media to evaluate the AmB instability as a function of pH-, organic solvent- and concentration-dependent ionization and aggregation.

Spatial perspective-taking: insights from sensory impairments.

Information can be perceived from a multiplicity of spatial perspectives, which is central to effectively understanding and interacting with our environment and other people. Sensory impairments such as blindness are known to impact spatial representations and perspective-taking is often thought of as a visual process. However, disturbed functioning of other sensory systems (e.

Production and Nutritional Composition of King Oyster Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes) Biomass from Brazil.

The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition and production of mycelial biomass of Pleurotus eryngii in different culture media, formulated with infusion of purple-skinned sweet potato, glucose concentrations, and the presence or absence of yeast extract. The mushroom was grown for 15 days at 25°C and 150 rpm. The best production of mycelial biomass occurred in the culture medium with 40 g/L of glucose plus yeast extract.

Social touch deprivation during COVID-19: effects on psychological wellbeing and craving interpersonal touch.

Social touch has positive effects on social affiliation and stress alleviation. However, its ubiquitous presence in human life does not allow the study of social touch deprivation 'in the wild'. Nevertheless, COVID-19-related restrictions such as social distancing allowed the systematic study of the degree to which social distancing affects tactile experiences and mental health.

Interactions between interoception and perspective-taking: Current state of research and future directions.

Interoception, the sense of the physiological state of the body, and perspective-taking, the ability to take another's point of view, are two fundamental components contributing to our perception and interaction with the external world. However, whether the perception of our inner body influences how we perceive the external world and other people remains poorly understood. Here, we review recent behavioural and neuroimaging evidence investigating the links between dimensions of interoception (i.

Updating beliefs beyond the here-and-now: the counter-factual self in anosognosia for hemiplegia.

The syndrome of anosognosia for hemiplegia, or the lack of awareness for one's paralysis following right hemisphere stroke, can provide unique insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms of self-awareness. Yet it remains unclear whether anosognosia for hemiplegia is a modality-specific deficit of sensorimotor monitoring, or whether domain-general processes of attention and belief-updating converge to cause anosognosia for hemiplegia. Using a Bayesian learning framework, we formalized and empirically investigated the hypothesis that failures to update anosognosic beliefs can be explained by abnormalities in the relative uncertainty (i.

Interocular Grouping in Perceptual Rivalry Localized with fMRI.

Bistable perception refers to a broad class of dynamically alternating visual illusions that result from ambiguous images. These illusions provide a powerful method to study the mechanisms that determine how visual input is integrated over space and time. Binocular rivalry occurs when subjects view different images in each eye, and a similar experience called stimulus rivalry occurs even when the left and right images are exchanged at a fast rate.

Exploring three levels of interoception in people with functional motor disorders.

Introduction: A three-level model of interoception has recently been defined. We aim to study the interoceptive processing in individuals with functional motor disorder (FMD).

Methods: Twenty-two patients with FMD were compared to 23 healthy controls.

Mixing up the Senses: Sensory Substitution Is Not a Form of Artificially Induced Synaesthesia.

Sensory Substitution Devices (SSDs) are typically used to restore functionality of a sensory modality that has been lost, like vision for the blind, by recruiting another sensory modality such as touch or audition. Sensory substitution has given rise to many debates in psychology, neuroscience and philosophy regarding the nature of experience when using SSDs. Questions first arose as to whether the experience of sensory substitution is represented by the substituted information, the substituting information, or a multisensory combination of the two.

Vision shapes tactile spatial perspective taking.

Information from the environment can be perceived according to ego-centered or decentered spatial perspectives. Different spatial perspectives can be adopted when perceiving not only visual but also auditory or tactile information. Because vision may be dominant in setting up spatial information processing, visual loss might affect perspective taking in other sensory modalities.

Physicochemical and sensory analysis of craft beer made with soursop (Annona muricata L.).

Background: Owing to the scarcity of studies related to the use of soursop (Annona muricata L.) in the elaboration of craft beers, this study aimed to elaborate a soursop fruit beer using an artisanal method.

Methods: To determine the most favorable moment for the inclusion of the fruit, the soursop pulp was added experimentally in three stages of the process: during the boiling of the wort (C01); on the 3rd day of fermentation (C02); during carbonation, with the use of soursop extract (C03).