[Morphological changes of testicular tissues in rats of different age groups, depending on the time of being in the abdominal cavity].

Pathological changes in the testes of animals of different age groups with the experimentally simulated cryptorchidism were evaluated. Animals were divided into 3 groups according to the time of fixation of testes into the abdominal cavity for a term of 2, 3 and 4 weeks. The changes were recorded at the time of bringing down the testes into the scrotum and at 14th and 28th day after bringing down.

[Transplantation of hormone-producing cells into the testicular paravasal fat hole in secretory infertility and gonadal hypoplasia].

Intratesticular cell transplantation is an effective surgical method in the treatment of patients with secretory infertility in chronic orchoepididymitis accompanied and not accompanied with marked testicular hypoplasia. This treatment in patients with secretory infertility and testicular hypoplasia enlarges gonads by more than 60% (from 3 to 5 mm3). The density of spermatozoa on the spermogram of males both with and without testicular hypoplasia increased by more than 70%--from 7.

[Allotransplantation of testicle in clinical practice. Part 2].

Long-term results of 90 allotransplantations of vascularized testicle are analyzed. The operations were performed at the patients with primary hypogonadism, androgenic deficient and endocrine form of impotence. Maximal follow-up period is 21 years.

[Allotransplantation of testicle].

Allotransplantation of vascularized testicle with mild immune suppression was performed at 132 patients with primary hypogonadism associated with androgenic deficient and endocrine form of impotence. This method permits to achieve stable engraftment in early postoperative period at 83% patients. Acute immunologic rejection crisis and secondary wound disruption are the most frequent complications at early postoperative period.

[Male infertility in delay of sexual development].

The examination of 260 infertile males revealed that delay of sexual development (DSD) predisposes to male infertility. DSD is often characterized by autoimmune reactions pointing to DSD as one of the causes of autoimmune infertility. Spermatozoa in DSD have low viability.

[Morphological changes in male sexual glands in Kaluga regions contaminated with radionuclides].

41 testes of males who died after living 7-9 years in Kaluga region contaminated with radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident (1-5 and higher Ci/km2) were studied morphologically. Various alterations were found in 75.6% of the cases.

[Ultrastructural changes of veins in several variants of cryopreservation].

The findings of ultrastructural analysis demonstrated essential changes in connective tissue cells and noncellular elements of veins after their cryopreservation at -50 degrees C and -196 degrees C. Contraction and round-up of endotheliocytes, disruption of their connections with basement membrane leading to subendothelial space widening, cytoplasm vacuolization and focal destruction of luminal plasmalemma are typical and general changes caused by cryopreservation. Dystrophy of different grades developed in connective tissues of media and adventitia.

[Azoospermia in patients with kidney diseases taking immunosuppressants long term].

Ten sterile males of reproductive age previously treated with immunodepressants were examined andrologically. Azoospermia in them was treated with zinc sulfate (30-90 mg/day, 2-12 months), which was replaced by clomifen citrate in 6 of them (100 mg/day, 2-6.6 months).

[Allotransplantation of cultured neonatal androgen-producing Leydig cells].

The paper describes the procedure for grafting the cultural neonatal androgen-producing Leydig's cells to the rat gonad, the status of the gonad and the graft in different periods following transplantation. The transplanted Leydig's cells preserve their structure within 6 months after allotransplantation. There is a normal spermatogenesis in the seminal canals.

[A method of obtaining radial skin flap on a vascular-neural pedicle from the forearm].

The authors examined 65 adult cadavers in which they studied vascularization of a radial skin flap of the forearm and conducted an anatomical experiment of its preparation. The vascularization boundaries were studied as well as the peculiarities of preparation of a radial skin flap of the forearm with a precise approach to a vascular-neural pedicle and maximal preservation of cutaneous branches arising from the radial artery.

[Analysis of morphologic classifications of testicular lesions in male sterility].

An analysis of the authors' own data based on the examination of 697 testis biopsies is given. The material is subdivided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of germ cells: 1) hypospermatogenesis and 2) aspermatogenesis. Hypospermatogenesis is related to any tubule changes resulting in the under-production of spermatozoa.

[Secretory activity of endocrine glands in gastroduodenal ulcer during late postoperative period].

The hormonal status of the endocrine glands (the hypophysis, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, gastrin-producing cells of the stomach, gonads), was evaluated in patients with gastroduodenal ulcer operated (gastric resection, vagotomy) 6, 12 or 36 months before. Hormonal balance was found affected, the gonads underwent gross changes responsible for gonadal depletion in the long-term postoperative period. Recommendations for relevant correction are provided.

[Transplantation of immature allogeneic testis].

Experimental and clinical studies (109 rat and 17 dog experiments and four clinical transplantations of a neonatal testis to children with the postcastration syndrome and postnatal hypoplasia of their own testes) showed that transplantation of an immature testis makes it possible to reduce to maximum its damage on exposure to the effect of unspecific and specific factors of transplantation. The transplantation ensures prolonged viability and function of the allogeneic male sexual gland, which is confirmed by the maintenance of its specific structures (the ultrastructural level among others) in the late-term postoperative period, the ability of immature allogeneic transplants to restore the sexual behaviour of castrated animal recipients, and by the positive results of clinical test of the method.

[The morphofunctional properties of the interstitial endocrinocytes of human testes cultured in vitro].

The authors demonstrated the possibility to obtain the pure culture of interstitial endocrinocytes from the testis of human embryo aged 14-24 weeks. Morphofunctional study of in vitro cultures revealed the presence of interstitial endocrinocytes in the monolayer. The ability of these cells to synthesize hormones preserved within the whole period of cultivation was confirmed by an isotope radiology method.

[Selective action of chorionic gonadotropin on lymphocyte subpopulations].

Influence of chorionic gonadotropin on induction and formation of specific T-suppressors, TDTH-effectors and spontaneous killer cells, depending on its doses and schema of injections was studied. It is shown that chorionic gonadotropin has a stimulating effect on precursors of T-suppressors, not affecting the mature specific T-suppressors, causes damage to the TDTH-effectors and spontaneous killer cells, that permits chorionic gonadotropin to be recognized as an immunomodulating agent.

[Intraorganic blood vessels of the intestinal graft after its ortho- and heterotopic transplantation].

In experiments, performed on 85 dogs of both sex ortho- and heterotopic total autotransplantation of the small intestine and extracorporal connection of the allogenic segments of the small intestine have been carried out. Certain dependency of morphological changes of the intraorganic blood bed on the operation model has been stated. Essential changes in the blood bed at the heterotopic autotransplantation depend on inadequate regional hemodynamics in the graft.

[Microsurgical anatomy of extraorganic arteries of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex and the rational technic of its removal for transplantation].

The authors ascertained the existence of numerous anastomoses between the right and left hypophyseal arteries on the level of both the interlobar sulcus and the base of the hypophyseal funnel in the form of an inferior and superior hypophyseal anastomotic rings, as well as a system of arterial connections between the anterosuperior and anteroinferior subgroups of the hypothalamic arteries located in front of and lateral to the chiasma as prechiasmal networks. This creates anatomo-physiological preconditions for adequate circulation in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal graft after its transplantation and inclusion in the blood flow of the internal carotid artery or one of its terminal branches. Bearing in mind the close connection of the hypophyseal and hypothalamic arteries with the cavernous sinuses, chiasma, and components of the sella turcica, the hypothalamo-hypophyseal graft must be removed in a complex with these structures.

[Anatomical basis for vascular-pedicle transplantation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex].

In 240 corpses of mature persons by means of complex morphological methods extraorganic arteries of the hypophysis, anterior hypothalamus have been investigated, as well as topography of the arterial peduncle of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex. Blood supply of the hypophysis and of the anterior hypothalamic part is performed from one common vascular pool--the arterial ring of the brain via multiple arterial branches, their amount and diameter varying considerably. Taking into account an important role of anastomotic vessels and numerous arterial plexuses, when the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex is extirpated for investigation, it is necessary to include into its composition, besides the major arterial peduncle, the optic chiasm, the grey tuber and the system of cavernous sinuses.