The Evolving Molecular Landscape and Actionable Alterations in Urologic Cancers.

The genetic landscape of urologic cancers has evolved with the identification of actionable mutations that impact diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. This narrative review consolidates existing literature on genetic mutations across key urologic cancers, including bladder, renal, prostate, upper tract urothelial, testicular, and penile. The review highlights mutations in DNA damage repair genes, such as BRCA1/2 and PTEN, as well as pathway alterations like FGFR and PD-L1 overexpression.

Income Disparities in Survival and Receipt of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a potentially fatal disease, especially in the setting of locally advanced or node-positive disease. Adverse outcomes have also primarily been associated with low-income status, as has been reported in other cancers. While the adoption of neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) has improved outcomes, these standard-of-care treatments may be underutilized in lower-income patients.

Rare adrenal cavernous hemangioma: a case report highlighting diagnostic challenges.

Introduction: Adrenal cavernous hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors that pose significant diagnostic challenges. Despite their benign nature, features overlapping with malignancies often complicate management decisions.

Case Presentation: A 64-year-old male presented with a 4.