The impact of affective and negative symptoms on the development of psychosis in a six-year follow-up of a community-based population.

Purpose: The Clinical High Risk (CHR) concept has a limited transition risk to psychotic disorders (PD). This study investigates the association between affective and negative symptoms, currently not included in the CHR concept, and the risk of transition to PD in a community-based population of 2185 participants in Turkey.

Methods: Participants were assessed twice over six years using a multistage sampling technique.

Association between Symptom Dimensions and Psychosis Risk Factors with Functioning in First Episode Psychosis: A Six Months Prospective Study.

Objective: This study aims to assess the associations of the severity of different symptom dimensions and psychosis risk factors with the overall functioning levels in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients over a 6-month follow-up period.

Method: Psychosis symptom dimensions (positive, negative, depression, mania, attention and other cognitive), sociodemographic characteristics and environmental risk factors (alcohol-substance use, childhood traumas, current stressful life events) were prospectively assessed in 32 patients who were hospitalized for FEP during the six-month follow-up period. The associations of these variables with the longitudinal Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores of these patients were analyzed using linear regression or repeated measures ANOVA.

Methamphetamine as the most common concomitant substance used with pregabalin misuse.

Background And Aim: Non-medical use of Pregabalin (PGB) is a growing concern in many countries because of the serious consequences associated with their abuse. Judicial cases within the probation system, multiple drug users, and patients in treatment programs administered PGB at higher doses than suggested, commonly without prescription. For this reason, it is important to analyze PGB by adding it to the routine analysis scale in determining whether PGB is used for medical purposes or abuse.

Treated incidence of first episode psychosis in Sinop, Turkey: results of a 4-year admission-based study - SINOPsy.

Background: The incidence of psychotic disorders varies in different geographic areas. As there has been no report from Turkey, this study aimed to provide the treated incidence rate of first-episode psychosis (FEP) in a defined area.

Methods: All individuals, aged 15-64 years, presenting with FEP (ICD-10 F20-29, F30-33) to mental health services in a defined catchment-area in Sinop which is located in the Black Sea region of the northern Turkey were recorded over a 4-year period (2009 to 2012).

The association of social inequality with the onset, persistence, and progression of psychotic experiences along the extended psychosis phenotype: a 6-year follow-up study in a community-based sample.

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate associations between early childhood and current indicators of socioeconomic inequality and the onset (incident), persistence and progression (increase in severity) of psychotic experiences (PEs) in a longitudinal follow-up of a community-based population.

Methods: Households in the metropolitan area of Izmir, Turkey were contacted in a multistage clustered probability sampling frame, at baseline (T, n = 4011) and at 6-year follow-up (T, n = 2185). Both at baseline and follow-up, PEs were assessed using Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.

An innovative approach to lifelong delayed ejaculation: does attachment style play a role?

Purpose: To examine whether there is a correlation between attachment styles, which is a developmental psychology theory, and lifelong DE.

Methods: The research was planned as prospective, multi-centric and cross-sectional study. Thirty patients who were consecutively admitted to the urology outpatient clinic and diagnosed with lifelong DE and 30 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study.

A 6-year follow-up study in a community-based population: Is neighbourhood-level social capital associated with the risk of emergence and persistence of psychotic experiences and transition to psychotic disorder?

Background: Social capital is thought to represent an environmental factor associated with the risk of psychotic disorder (PD). This study aims to investigate the association between neighbourhood-level social capital and clinical transitions within the spectrum of psychosis.

Methods: In total, 2175 participants, representative of a community-based population, were assessed twice (6 years apart) to determine their position within an extended psychosis spectrum: no symptoms, subclinical psychotic experiences (PE), clinical PE, PD.

The mediating effect of attachment insecurity on circadian consequences of childhood trauma.

Circadian preferences have been associated with mental health as well as social and physical health in recent years. However, factors associated with circadian preferences have not been fully elucidated. The main aim of this study is to investigate the associations of childhood trauma and attachment styles with circadian preferences.

The Relationship between Alcohol-Cannabis Use and Stressful Events with the Development of Incident Clinical Psychosis in a Community-Based Prospective Cohort.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations between alcohol-cannabis use and forensic/stressful events with the risk of incident clinical psychosis during follow-up.

Method: A community-based sample (n: 2142) was screened for clinical psychosis (schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, affective disorders with psychotic features) at baseline and follow-up. Thus, incident clinical psychosis cases to develop during follow-up (individuals with no clinical psychosis at the baseline assessment and with clinical psychosis at the follow-up assessment) were detected (n: 27).

The Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the anxiety, depression, insomnia and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the assocaited sociodemographic, clinical and professional factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in healthhcare workers.

Method: A total of 509 participants joined an online survey to complete the data acquisition tools consisting of a Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder- Short Scale (PTSD-SS).

Results: The 509 participants of the study consisted of physicians (69.

Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia in Acute and Maintenance Phase.

Schizophrenia is one of the leading disorders causing impairment in society. Therefore, it is crucial to review evidence-based treatment approaches which are both effective and causing minimum side effects. In this paper, treatment recommendations for first episode schizophrenia, patients in acute phase with a history of multiple episodes, and patients in the maintenance phase will be discussed in light of the Psychiatric Association of Turkey Guideline for Treatment of Schizophrenia, other recent national and international guidelines as well as expert consensus reports in the literature.

The Impact of Restarting the High-Risk Procedures for COVID-19 Infection in Dental Practice on the Anxiety of Dental Employees: A Study with Repeated Measures.

Background: As SARS-CoV-2 is detected in the infected patients' saliva, dental employees performing aerosol-generating procedures are at high risk of being infected/spreading the infection.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of restarting the high-risk procedures for COVID-19 infection in dental practice during the pandemic on the anxiety levels of dental employees.

Methods: All dental employees (dentists, nurses, data entry/cleaning staff) working in a university dental clinic were invited to the study and eighty-one employees (response rate: 97.

The Relationship Between Peer Bullying and Anxiety-Depression Levels in Children With Obesity.

Objective: It has been reported that there is a significant relationship between obesity and mental health problems, and the exposure to peer bullying plays a mediating role in this relationship. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of peer bullying in children with obesity and to investigate the relationship between bullying and anxiety and depression levels.

Methods: A total of 64 patients aged between 8 and 16 years with obesity and 51 age- and gender-matched healthy children and adolescents without obesity were included in the study.

Treatment of Permanent Junctional Reciprocating Tachycardia in a Preterm Neonate: Case Report.

Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT) is most often observed in infants and children and can lead to incessant tachycardia. PJRT is usually refractory to medical treatment. Tachycardia may infrequently occur in the fetus in which case fetal tachycardia transplacental treatment should be started immediately.

Cystoscopy and mucosectomy: Essentials in the management of persistent müllerian duct syndrome with transverse testicular ectopia.

Objectives: The concurrence of Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome and transverse testicular ectopia is rare. The risk of damage to the vas deferens and the deferential blood supply hinders some surgeons from complete excision of potentially malignant Müllerian duct remnants.

Methods: We present a unique surgical technique of Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome in a patient with right inguinal hernia accompanying transverse testicular ectopia.

Izmir Mental Health Cohort for Gene-Environment Interaction in Psychosis (TürkSch): Assessment of the Extended and Transdiagnostic Psychosis Phenotype and Analysis of Attrition in a 6-Year Follow-Up of a Community-Based Sample.

TürkSch is a prospective, longitudinal study in a representative community sample (İzmir, Turkey), consisting of several data collection stages, to screen and follow-up mental health outcomes, with a special focus on the extended and transdiagnostic psychosis phenotype. The aim of the present paper is to describe the research methodology, data collection results, and associations with noncontact and refusal in the longitudinal arm. Households were contacted in a multistage clustered probability sampling frame, covering 11 districts and 302 neighborhoods at baseline (n = 4,011) and at 6-year follow-up (n = 2,185).

Psychotic experiences and mood episodes predict each other bidirectionally: a 6-year follow-up study in a community-based population.

Background: Psychotic experiences (PEs) are not exclusive to psychotic disorders and highly correlated with mood episodes. In this representative general population-based study, longitudinal bidirectional associations between the extended psychosis phenotype and mood episodes were investigated, accounting for other possible causes.

Methods: Households were contacted in a multistage clustered probability sampling frame covering 11 districts and 302 neighbourhoods at baseline (n = 4011) and at 6-year follow-up (n = 2185).

DSM outcomes of psychotic experiences and associated risk factors: 6-year follow-up study in a community-based sample.

Background: Psychotic experiences (PEs) may predict a range of common, non-psychotic disorders as well as psychotic disorders. In this representative, general population-based cohort study, both psychotic and non-psychotic disorder outcomes of PE were analysed, as were potential moderators.

Methods: Addresses were contacted in a multistage clustered probability sampling frame covering 11 districts and 302 neighbourhoods at baseline (n = 4011).

Is BDNF-Val66Met polymorphism associated with psychotic experiences and psychotic disorder outcome? Evidence from a 6 years prospective population-based cohort study.

There is little research on genetic risk for the extended psychosis phenotype ranging from psychotic experiences (PEs) to psychotic disorders (PDs). In this general population-based prospective cohort study, the longitudinal associations between BDNF-Val66Met polymorphism and the different levels of the extended psychosis phenotype were investigated. Addresses were contacted in a multistage clustered probability sampling frame covering 11 districts and 302 neighborhoods at baseline (n = 4011).

Assessment of anxiety-depression levels and perceptions of quality of life in adolescents with dysmenorrhea.

Background: This study aimed to assess the anxiety-depression levels and the perceptions of quality of life, as well as the factors affecting these variables, in adolescents with dysmenorrhea.

Methods: The participants included 60 adolescents with dysmenorrhea and 41 healthy adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18. This study used the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) for assessing the perceptions of quality of life, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for measuring anxiety levels, and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) for measuring depression levels.

[The Association between the Extended Psychosis Phenotype and COMT val158met and BDNF val66met polymorphisms].

Objective: Psychotic disorders were previously associated with catechol- O-methyltransferase (COMT) val158met (rs4680) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) val66met (rs6265) polymorphisms. This article evaluates the association between COMT/BDNF polymorphisms and the extended psychosis phenotype which covers not only schizophrenia but also subclinical expressions of psychotic experiences.

Method: The participants of this study were part of the TürkSch (Izmir Mental Health Survey for Gene-Environment Interaction in Psychoses), a longitudinal study Psychotic experiences and disorders were screened 437.

The epidemiology of alcohol use in Izmir, Turkey: drinking pattern, impairment and help-seeking.

Purpose: There is no report on various patterns of alcohol drinking and related impairment, help-seeking in Turkey. We investigated the 12-month prevalence and correlates of drinking patterns and alcohol use disorders in the general population of Izmir-Turkey, with further analyses on role impairment and help-seeking.

Method: A multi-stage clustered area probability sample of adult household residents in the Izmir Metropolitan Area was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.

Rapporteur summaries of plenary, symposia, and oral sessions from the XXIIIrd World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics Meeting in Toronto, Canada, 16-20 October 2015.

The XXIIIrd World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics meeting, sponsored by the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, was held in Toronto, ON, Canada, on 16-20 October 2015. Approximately 700 participants attended to discuss the latest state-of-the-art findings in this rapidly advancing and evolving field. The following report was written by trainee travel awardees.

Evaluation of hematological markers in minor head trauma in the emergency room.

Introduction: A rule exists regarding the use of computed tomography (CT) for patients presenting to the emergency department with head trauma and a Glasgow coma score (GCS) of 15; however, it can be difficult to make this decision due to overcrowded emergency rooms or exaggerated patients complaints. We evaluated patients who presented to the emergency room with minor head trauma, and we aimed to investigate the relationship between brain pathology on CT and hematological markers in order to find markers that help us identify brain pathology in patients with a GCS of 15.

Methods: This retrospective study included 100 patients with pathologies present on their CT scans and a control group consisting of 100 patients with a normal CT.