Assisting the Learning of Clinical Reasoning by Veterinary Medical Learners with a Case Example.

Effective clinical reasoning is essential for veterinary medical education, particularly in managing complex cases. This review explores strategies for learning clinical reasoning by veterinary medical learners, using a case example of mastitis to illustrate key concepts. Clinical reasoning encompasses cognitive, metacognitive, social, and situational activities, yet the literature on practical applications in veterinary education remains limited.

Canadian nurse initiated analgesia protocol to reduce delays in the emergency department: A quality improvement study.

Background: Australian literature supports nurse-initiated opioid analgesia protocols may be effective, but this practice is not yet widely adopted in Canada.

Local Problem: Previous quality audits of Emergency Departments (EDs) in Victoria (Canada) indicate long delays to administration of analgesia.

Methods: Two tertiary care hospitals in a Canadian city of approximately 400,000 people were chosen for a quality improvement initiative.

Exploring Hyperprolific Sows: A Study of Gross Morphology of Reproductive Organs and Oxytocin Receptor Distribution across Parities.

This study investigated the gross morphology of reproductive organs and oxytocin receptor distribution across different parities in hyperprolific sows. A total of thirty-two reproductive organs from Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows were categorized into three groups based on parity numbers: 1 ( = 10), 2-5 ( = 12), and ≥6 ( = 10). All sows were culled due to management problems, and none had reproductive disorders.

Long-Term Functional Limitations and Predictors of Recovery After COVID-19: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Limited data exist on post-severe COVID-19 functional trajectory, particularly considering premorbid status. We characterized 1-year functional recovery post-hospitalization for COVID-19, highlighting predictors of long-term recovery.

Methods: We enrolled adult patients with lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalized for COVID-19 sequelae, from five major Ontario, Canada hospitals in a prospective cohort study.

Preweaning Purified Fucoidan Drench: Effects on Growth, Immune Response, and Intestinal Morphology in Weaned Piglets.

Weaning stress imposes considerable physiological challenges on piglets, often manifesting in intestinal disturbances, such as inflammation and compromised barrier function, ultimately affecting growth and health outcomes. While conventional interventions, including antimicrobials, have effectively mitigated these sequelae, concerns surrounding antimicrobial resistance necessitate the exploration of alternatives. Fucoidan, derived from brown seaweed, offers promise due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Effect of Feeding a Calcium Chloride Supplement on Sow Stillbirth Rate.

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of daily calcium chloride (CaCl) supplementation from day of entry into the farrowing house until day of farrowing (6.4 ± 0.3 d) on stillbirth rates.

Bovine Parainfluenza-3 Virus Detection Methods and Prevalence in Cattle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI3V) is an important respiratory pathogen in cattle, contributing to syndromes in the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). Despite its significance, the understanding of its prevalence remains fragmented, especially within the larger framework of BRDC. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the global prevalence of BPI3V in cattle using varied detection methods and to highlight associated risk factors.

Influence of reduced passive ankle dorsiflexion range of motion on lower limb kinetics and stiffness during gait.

Background: The ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ADF-ROM) during single support phase allows elastic energy storage in the calcaneal tendon, contributing to advance the body forward. Reduced ADF-ROM may influence lower limb kinetics and stiffness.

Research Question: What is the influence of reduced passive ADF-ROM on lower limb internal moments and stiffness during gait?

Methods: Thirty-two participants, classified into two groups according to passive ADF-ROM (smaller than 10° and greater than 15°), were submitted to gait assessment at self-selected speed with a force platform and a three-dimensional motion analysis system.

Influence of prepartum feed levels on colostrum production and farrowing performance in highly prolific sows in a tropical environment.

Currently, there is a lack of data on the effects of altering feed levels on sow performance and piglet characteristics during the transition period in tropical environments. The present study determined the effect of sow feed levels during the transition period on colostrum yield, colostrum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, colostrum intake of piglets, farrowing duration, proportion of stillborn piglets per litter (SB) and the incidence of farrowing assistance in highly prolific sows. A total of 114 Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows and their offspring (n = 2 072) were included in the experiment.

Monitoring mobility in older adults using a Global Positioning System (GPS) smartwatch and accelerometer: A validation study.

There is growing interest in identifying valid and reliable methods for detecting early mobility limitations in aging populations. A multi-sensor approach that combines accelerometry with Global Positioning System (GPS) devices could provide valuable insights into late-life mobility decline; however, this innovative approach requires more investigation. We conducted a series of two experiments with 25 older participants (66.

Factors affecting birth weight and stillbirth in sows housed in a tropical environment.

This study analysed data from a commercial swine herd in Thailand equipped with a free-farrowing housing system, comprising 17,196 piglets from 1318 litters, to explore the impact of sow and litter characteristics on the piglet birth weight and the incidence of stillbirth. The piglets were classified into four groups based on the total number of piglets born per litter (TB): ≤9 (n = 1434), 10-12 (n = 3232), 13-15 (n = 6537) and ≥16 (n = 5993). Sows were classified into four groups based on parity number: 1, 2-4, 5-7 and ≥8.

Associations between Surface and Rectal Temperature Profiles of Low-Birth-Weight Piglets.

The use of infrared cameras to record surface temperature has shown some promise in older pigs, but neonatal piglets are metabolically less mature and experience rapid temperature changes during their first 24 h. The present experiment aimed to compare rectal temperature to surface temperature at the base of the ear, measured using an infrared camera, for piglets of different birth weights. During farrowing, 48 multiparous sows were monitored, and rectal and surface temperatures were recorded for their lower-birth-weight (≤1.

Exploring Distress and Occupational Participation Among Older Canadians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted daily life with corresponding implications on levels of distress. . To describe factors associated with high distress among community-dwelling older adults during the first lockdown and explore how occupational participation was managed.

Home-based gait speed and the association with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables: A national study (ELSI-Brazil).

Objectives: To investigate home-based gait speed performance for men and women stratified by age group and its associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables.

Methods: Data from the 2 wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2019-2021) were used. Gait speed was tested twice at home over 3.

Effects of Caffeine and Glucose Supplementation at Birth on Piglet Pre-Weaning Growth, Thermoregulation, and Survival.

Piglet pre-weaning mortality of approximately 15% represents a major economic and welfare concern to the pork industry. Supplementing neonatal piglets with glucose and/or caffeine has the potential to counteract hypoxic stress experienced during parturition and provide an energy substrate, which may improve survival to weaning. This study investigated the effects of caffeine and glucose supplementation at birth, in combination or separately, on piglet growth, thermoregulatory ability, and pre-weaning survival.

Does supplementation of oocytes with additional mtDNA influence developmental outcome?

Introducing extra mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into oocytes at fertilization can rescue poor quality oocytes. However, supplementation alters DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of preimplantation embryos. To determine if these alterations impacted offspring, we introduced mtDNA from failed-to-mature sister (autologous) or third party (heterologous) oocytes into mature oocytes and transferred zygotes into surrogates.

Pheromones, binding proteins, and olfactory systems in the pig (): An updated review.

Pigs utilize multimodal communication for reproductive and other behaviors, and chemical communication is one of the key components. The success of reproduction relies on chemical communication favored by the steroid pheromones from boar saliva. These steroids were proven to be involved in advancing puberty in gilts (the boar effect) and in promoting estrus behaviors in gilts/sows, thereby helping to detect estrus and facilitating the timing of artificial insemination.

Managing prolific sows in tropical environments.

Litter size in modern sows has been dramatically improved in recent decades by genetic selection for highly prolific sows. In a tropical environment, the average total number of pigs born and number born alive are reported to be as high as 17.2 and 15.

Clinimetric Properties of the Applied Kinesiology Manual Muscle Test in Adults With and Without Pain: A Methodological Study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the intra- and interexaminer reliability, concurrent validity, and responsiveness of the applied kinesiology manual muscle test (AK-MMT) to discriminate gluteus medius muscle strength and latency.

Methods: A cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted in 38 participants using electromyography, electrogoniometry, and hand-held dynamometry to measure latency, angular displacement, and muscle force during the assessment of the gluteus medius by AK-MMT. Inter- and intrarater reliability of 2 examiners with different levels of experience were obtained using the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Factors Associated with Farrowing Duration in Hyperprolific Sows in a Free Farrowing System under Tropical Conditions.

The ongoing selection for increased litter size has had significant impacts on sow husbandry practice. The present study investigated factors associated with farrowing duration and the proportion of sows that had prolonged farrowing in modern hyperprolific sows kept in a free farrowing system in a tropical environment. Farrowing data from 2493 Landrace x Yorkshire cross-bred sows in a commercial swine herd in Thailand were included in the study.

Facilitating Development of Problem-Solving Skills in Veterinary Learners with Clinical Examples.

This paper seeks to open discussion on the teaching of problem-solving skills in veterinary learners. We start by defining the term problem before discussing what constitutes problem-solving. For veterinary medical learners, problem-solving techniques are similar to those of decision-making and are integral to clinical reasoning.

Environmental correlates of temporal variation in the prey species of Australian fur seals inferred from scat analysis.

Marine ecosystems in southeastern Australia are responding rapidly to climate change. We monitored the diet of the Australian fur seal (), a key marine predator, over 17 years (1998-2014) to examine temporal changes. Frequency of occurrence (FO) of prey was used as a proxy for ecosystem change.

Participation Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Objective: Participation in life situations is a critical aspect of health recognized by the World Health Organization. Guidelines to prevent spreading of COVID-19 place older adults at risk of worsening participation. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with participation during the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults living in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.