Rupr. et Maxim.: Supercritical CO Extraction and Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Chemical Constituents.

Three types of extraction were used to obtain biologically active substances from the heartwood of : supercritical CO extraction, maceration with EtOH, and maceration with MeOH. The supercritical extraction method proved to be the most effective type of extraction, giving the highest yield of biologically active substances. Several experimental conditions were investigated in the pressure range of 50-400 bar, with 2% of ethanol as co-solvent in the liquid phase at a temperature in the range of 31-70 °C.

[Multicenter study of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms prevalence in outpatients in Russia].

Background: Recently, there has been an increase in the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Northern Europe, North America and East Asia. However data on GERD prevalence in Russian population are very limited.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of GERD among the population of Russia, the clinical spectrum of GERD symptoms, the main drugs used for GERD treatment, and the rate of their administration.

[Metabolic characteristics, nutritional status and behavior factors in people with obesity, working at industrial plant].

An obesity is the topical problem worldwide, because excessive weight is the reason of metabolic changes that lead to development of serious chronic non-communicable diseases. The examination was aimed to assess clinical and metabolic health, nutritional status and behavior risk factors of obesity in people, working at the industrial plant. .

[Nozological spectrum of hereditary diseases of the nervous system in the cities of Volgograd and Volzhsky].

A spectrum of hereditary diseases of the nervous system (HDNS) was studied in the cities of Volgograd and Volzhsky. The estimates were obtained for the prevalence of major HDNS groups and individual nosological forms. The populations examined differed in prevalence of this pathology and in contribution of individual diseases and their nosological forms into HDNS load formation.

[Genetic and epidemiologic analysis of hereditary diseases of the nervous system in the cities of Volgograd and Volzhskiĭ].

A genetic epidemiological study of hereditary diseases of the nervous system (HDNS) was conducted in the cities of Volgograd and Volzhsky for the first time. In total, 1 323 500 individuals were examined including the populations of Volgograd and Volzhsky (1 012 800 and 310 700 persons, respectively). The prevalence of neurological diseases with autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), and X-linked recessive inheritance was estimated.

[Morphometric analysis of wheat and rye zygotes during maturation].

The size of cell, nucleus, and nucleolus was measured and the nucleus-to-nucleolus ratio was determined during zygote maturation in durum and soft wheat and rye under intravarietal pollination as well as under crossing of durum wheat with soft wheat and rye. The fluctuations of cell, nucleus, and nucleolus volumes during zygote maturation were observed. The curves percent ratio of these volumes to corresponding volume of egg cell have two peaks.

[The lipids of the erythrocyte stroma and myocardial ischemia in patients with iron-deficiency anemia].

Red cell stromal lipid fractions (total lipids and phospholipids, triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol and its esters, lisophospholipids, sphyngomyelins, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, cardiolipins, phosphatide acids) were measured and ECG A leads at rest analyzed in 29 patients with iron-deficiency anemia to detect myocardial ischemia. Significant changes in red cell stroma lipid composition were revealed, particularly marked in women with myocardial ischemia. Measures aimed at normalization of red cell stromal lipid composition in patients with iron-deficiency anemia may be regarded as one of the factors inhibiting the development of myocardial ischemia.

[Iron reserves in the female body and susceptibility to colds].

Levels of temporary invalidity because of catching cold were analyzed in 101 working women over two years and these women's levels of serum iron, total iron-binding capacity of the serum, transferrin saturation with iron, serum ferritin, and red cell ferritin measured. Women with stable iron reserves in the body virtually have no sick leaves because of catching cold, whereas in those with iron deficiency susceptibility to catching cold is increased, and if iron metabolism intensity in the body grows, invalidity periods are much longer. Normalization of not only iron reserves in the body, but correction of iron metabolism as well should be regarded as a factor exerting a favorable effect on body resistance to catching cold.

[Phospholipid and glycerol levels in women's erythrocytes depending on body iron reserves].

Red cell phospholipids and glycerols were measured in 18 normal by peripheral blood hemoglobin, 19 iron deficient (latent deficiency) and in 20 hypoferric anemia females. Latent and manifest iron deficiency caused a pronounced elevation in the levels of glycerols, lysophosphatidylinositols, lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositol diphosphates and a drop in the phosphatidylserines in erythrocytes. This provokes serious structural and functional alterations in erythrocytic membranes of iron deficient subjects.

[Stromal lipids of peripheral blood erythrocytes and myocardial dystrophy in patients with iron deficiency anemia].

Lipid fractions (total lipids and phospholipids, triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol, lysophospholipids, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, cardiolipins, phosphatidic acids) were assessed in stromal red cells of 41 patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The values obtained were correlated with wave T height at rest ECG. It was found that IDA patients have abnormalities in the lipid spectrum of red cell stroma promoting myocardiodystrophy.

[The erythrocyte lipids of the peripheral blood and myocardial dystrophy in patients with iron-deficiency anemia].

Lipids of peripheral blood red cells (total lipids and phospholipids, triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol, cholesterol ethers, lysophospholipids, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylserins, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, cardiolipins, phosphatid acids) were assessed in correlation with wave T height on resting ECG. It is shown that iron deficiency anemia patients develop shifts in red blood cell lipid composition contributing to the onset of myocardiodystrophy. The correction of the lipid composition defects is an additional factor decreasing dystrophic processes in the myocardium.

[The postviral asthenia syndrome in the practice of the district therapist].

The examination of 76 patients recovering after acute respiratory viral disease for somatic and vegetative neurologic condition revealed postinfluenzal asthenia in nearly half of them. Three degrees of the asthenia severity have been recognized. A differential approach to patients with postinfluenzal asthenia helps in more accurate evaluation of the treatment required and temporary disability grade.

[Erythrocyte membrane lipid composition in patient with iron deficiency anemia during treatment].

Red blood cell membrane lipid composition was studied in 51 iron deficiency anemia patients, in 10 of them during ferro-therapy. It was noted that red blood cell membranes contained increased total levels of lipids, phospholipids and significantly decreased levels of cholesterol esters and lysophospholipids. During the treatment, in the presence of a distinct process of the recovery of disturbed lipid composition of red blood cell membranes, a significant increase was recorded in the content of triglycerides, phosphatidyl amines, while phosphatidyl and cardiolipin levels were significantly lowered.

[Changes in heart volume in patients with iron-deficiency anemia (based on data from teleroentgenocardiography)].

Teleroentgenocardiography was employed in 96 patients with iron deficiency anemia with the purpose of evaluating the cardiac volume. This volume increased with advance of the disease. The number of women with cardiomegaly increased as well.

[Combined evaluation of iron reserves in women].

Peripheral blood hemoglobin levels, serum iron, general serum iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation with iron, transferrin, serum ferritin and erythrocytic ferritin were studied in 101 clinically normal women. Apparent and latent iron deficiency was rather frequently detected among them. Information on transferrin saturation with iron, erythrocytic ferritins and, particularly, serum ferritin, was most valuable in the estimation of iron deficiency.

[Painless myocardial ischemia in patients with iron deficiency anemia].

Resting and bicycle ergometric ECGs were examined in 159 patients with iron deficiency anemia, including 100 treated with iron-containing drugs. ST segment depression in the patients undergoing exercise was regarded as a sign of silent myocardial ischemia which is common in anemic patients, its detection rate increases as the disease progresses. In patients with iron deficiency anemia, silent myocardial ischemia results in a substantial decrease of threshold intensity, has a negative effect on cardiac output both at rest and during exercise, and significantly slows down the recovery of cardiac performance during therapy.

[The autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm in patients with iron-deficiency anemia].

Overall 155 patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia were subjected to bicycle ergometry to estimate autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm using variation pulsometry readings. The changes in vegetative regulation proceed by the type of sympathicotonia which increases clearly as the disease gravity rises. Moderate sympathicotonia is an adequate compensatory mechanism that favours adaptation of the body to anemia.

[Lipid composition of erythrocytes in iron deficiency anemia].

The assay of lipid composition in red blood cells of 51 patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) was conducted with the use of horizontal thin-layer chromatography, and the state of the end blood flow was studied with the ai of conjunctival biomicroscopy. It was found that in IDA patients the content of total lipids, phospholipids, free fatty acids, cholesterol, sphingomyelins, cardiolipins and phosphatidic acids increased and that of triglycerides decreased. The content of the rest fractions of total lipids in IDA patients was practically not changed.

[Compensatory changes in the microcirculatory system and their clinical significance in patients with iron deficiency anemia].

The interrelationship of the microcirculatory state with compensatory changes in central hemodynamics and exercise testing was studied in 212 patients with iron deficiency anemia using conjunctival biomicroscopy, mechanocardiography and bicycle ergometry. Alongside with general pathological disorders of terminal nature the patients with iron deficiency anemia developed compensatory changes (a decrease in the linear density of venules and an increase in their diameter) aimed at ensuring of appropriate high circulation volume and physical working capacity. Registration of compensatory deviations in the microcirculation of the anemic patients enables a physician to estimate in detail not only their general status but also the problems of medical labor examination in a more reasonable fashion.