Natural attenuation processes control groundwater contamination in the Chernobyl exclusion zone: evidence from 35 years of radiological monitoring.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) contains the vast majority of radionuclides released by the accident in nuclear fuel particle form. We present and analyze groundwater measurements collected from the monitoring network in CEZ covering key aquifers over 35 years since the accident. These new data, together with a comprehensive analysis of historical data shows that Sr remains mobile in the subsurface environment, while groundwater concentrations of Cs, Pu isotopes and Am are relatively low, and are not of radiological concern.

Key performance indicators of Russian universities for 2015-2018: Dataset and Benchmarking Data.

This article presents a performance dataset of 93 Russian universities, collected from 2015 to 2018 and evaluated according to 24 indicators. These data were gathered from materials, published in the process of monitoring the effectiveness of higher education institutions by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Web of Science (citation-based research analytics tool InCites) and Scopus (citation-based research analytics tool SciVal) databases, and information from international ranking agencies QS, THE, ARWU. The dataset comprises the assessments of university performances according to the most important indicators used in socio-economic studies of comparative analysis of higher education system development levels in different countries: educational, scientific and research, international, financial and economic performance and international public recognition (university positions in leading international rankings).

Multilayer corrosion-resistant material based on iron-carbon alloys.

In this study, the architecture of a multilayer metallic material of iron-carbon alloys with an internal protector was developed based on theoretical studies. The operability of the proposed architecture was experimentally verified using gravimetry and electrochemical analysis. The internal position of the protector enabled the modification of the mechanism of corrosion.

Measuring corrosion rate and protector effectiveness of advanced multilayer metallic materials by newly developed methods.

The paper estimates corrosion resistance of new multilayer metallic materials with internal protector against pitting. Using an electron microscope method, the mechanism of the layers' corrosive destruction has been experimentally substantiated. The authors have suggested chemical and electrochemical methods of accelerated corrosion tests allowing for determining the corrosion destruction rate.

Resuspension and atmospheric transport of radionuclides due to wildfires near the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 2015: An impact assessment.

In April and August 2015, two major fires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) caused concerns about the secondary radioactive contamination that might have spread over Europe. The present paper assessed, for the first time, the impact of these fires over Europe. About 10.

[The experience of creation and deployment of mobile medical units of EMERCOM of Russia].

The experience of the creation and deployment of mobile medical units of EMERCOM of Russia: medical service of specialized fire department on large-scale fire suppression of the Main Directorate of the Russian Emergency Ministry of the Republic of Karelia and the field mobile medical unit of the Southern regional search and rescue team of EMERCOM of Russia. Medical service of specialized fire department on large-scale fire suppression of the Main Directorate of EMERCOM of the Republic of Karelia during the period from 2010 to 2012 provided medical assistance to 636 wounded, including 486 road traffic accident victims and 140 fire victims. Field mobile medical unit of the Southern Regional search and rescue team of EMERCOM of Russia during the humanitarian operation in the Republic of South Ossetia (August - September 2008) registered 635 calls for medical aid: 435 primary and 200--repeated; performed 10 operations.

[Health status comparative analysis of the emercom of Russia Federal fire service employees and contract servicemen in the Russian Army].

Results of health status comparative analysis of the emercom of Russia Federal fire service employees and contract servicemen in the Russian Army are submitted as following. The emercom of russia firemen's average annual rate of primary morbidity is 459,1, that of labor losses' days 8430,8, of disability 0,9, and mortality cases 0,7. The russian army contract servicemen's average annual rate of primary morbidity during the covered period comes to 410,3, that of discharges 7,4, and mortality cases 1,3.

[Features of behavioral reactions of chronically irradiated mice in the raised crosswise labyrinth with various genetically determined radiosensitivity and possibilities of their modification by the fungal biopolymer complex].

Structural elements of the central nervous system--neurons, along with the higher neuroendocrine structures and the hypothalamus centres, show high sensitivity to a chronic action of low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) in view of their extreme enrichment by phospholipids and intensive supply by oxygen, creating favorable conditions for the development of oxidizing stress. Stressful influences cause negative emotions in the behaviour of animals manifested as fear or uneasiness. The study represents the results of comparative research into the behavioral reactions characterized by uneasiness in the Balb/c and C57bl/6 mice exposed to a chronic irradiation at low doses.

[Remote signaling of radiation damage to the extracellular space in mice with various levels of genetically determined radio sensitivity].

The search results of "bystander" signals are presented at different model of influence of IR on Balb/c and C57bl/6 mice, characterized by different levels of genetically determined sensitivity to IR influence. We used the following models of IR influence: 1) external gamma-quanta influence from small samples of nuclear fuel from the CNPP 4th power unit modified in the course of the accident in 1986, which are 99% connected with 137Cs, with the total dose of irradiation of about 5.0 Gy for 16 hours and accumulated dose of 0.

[Health state of Governmental Fire Fighting Service workers in North-East Regional Center of Ministry of Emergencies over 2003-2008].

The study was aimed at evaluation of health state in Governmental Fire Fighting Service workers in North-East Regional Center of Ministry of Emergencies over 2003-2008. Using medical statistic analysis, the authors determined levels and statistically significant tendencies in dynamics of general and primary morbidity, labour losses, disability and mortality, defined the most important social and epidemiologic classes of diseases in firemen.

Environmental radiation monitoring in the Chernobyl exclusion zone--history and results 25 years after.

This paper describes results of the radiation environmental monitoring performed in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ) during the period following the 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident. This article presents a brief overview of five comprehensive reports generated under Contract No. DE-AC09-96SR18500 (Washington Savannah River Company LLC, Subcontract No.

[Radioecological problems of aquatic ecosystems of the Chernobyl exclusion zone].

The results of radioactive contamination dynamics in the main components of aquatic ecosystems and the absorbed dose rate for hydrobionts within the Chernobyl accident exclusion zone was analysed. Some cytogenetical and haematological effects of long-term irradiation on aquatic organisms as well as damage of higher aquatic plants by parasitic fungi and gall-producing arthropods were considered.

[The main radionuclides and dose formation in fish of the Chernobyl NPP exclusion zone].

The results of the researches of spices-specificity, accumulation dynamics and distribution of 90Sr, of 137Cs and of transuranic elements in fish of the Chernobyl NPP exclusion zone are analysed. The data of estimations of absorbed doze rate from incorporated radionuclides for pray fish and predatory species are given. For the fish from the lake of the left-bank floodplain of the Pripyat River the increase of 90Sr specific activity is registered which is presumably connected with the dynamics of the physical-chemical forms of the radionuclide in soils and their wash out in water bodies from the catchment basin.

[An epidemiological analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome morbidity in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 1997].

The outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Republic of Bashkortostan, resulting in 10,057 registered cases of the disease (287 cases per 100,000 of the population), was analyzed. HFRS cases among the population were registered in 52 out of 54 regions of Bashkortostan. 31% of the total number of patients were the inhabitants of rural regions (170 cases per 100,000) and 69% were urban dwellers (295 cases per 100,000), mainly in Ufa (512 cases per 100,000).

Variations of refraction angles from observations of the Moon from space.

We present the results of measurements of optical refraction angles from photographs of the Moon taken from the orbital station Mir. We made estimations of rms fluctuations of refraction angles and of the characteristics of multipath propagation.

[The intensity of the immune response to the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus among different population groups of Bashkortostan].

For the first time the natural immune stratum to hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (HFRS) among the population of all regions of Bashkiria, a large territory with the highest morbidity level in this infection in the USSR, was studied. 9,176 persons over 15 years of age were examined by radioimmune techniques. Analysis of the immune structure of the population revealed that the share of immune males was higher than that of immune females, but the difference was less than the difference between males and females among the registered HFRS patients.

[Stages of intestinal invagination in children].

The results of observation of 143 children with intestinal invagination are presented. In 105 patients, the disease was at the stage of compensation, in 27--subcompensation, in 10--decompensation. According to the data of clinical and laboratory investigations, the most pronounced changes in homeostasis were noted in children with intestinal invagination at the late stage.

[Disorders of vital functions in acute peritonitis in children].

Changes in vital functions in endotoxicosis were appraised in 41 patients with acute peritonitis during stages of intensive therapy in a complex fashion. Correlative relations were revealed between the severity of endotoxicosis and the function of blood circulation, blood gases, and respiration. Endotoxicosis was characterized by increased level of middle mass molecules, circulating immune complexes, leukocytic index of intoxication, asparagate and alanine transferase.

[Extracorporeal xenospleen perfusion in vial-bacterial pneumonia in children].

Extracorporeal perfusion of xenospleen was used in the management of 11 critically ill children with acute multisegmental pneumonia. The first 24 h were characterized by progressive mounting in blood O2 saturation, optimization of hemodynamics and immune status, decrease of toxemia. On days 4-7 after perfusion stabilization of clinical, laboratory and functional indexes was observed.

[The immune structure of the population of the Bashkir ASSR in connection with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and the relation of indices of collective immunity to morbidity and the nature of the landscape].

The study of 9,176 serum samples obtained from all regions and 15 cities of Bashkiria, carried out by the method of radioimmunoassay with the use of the antigen of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (HFRS), has revealed considerable differences in the size of the natural immune stratum of the population (43.9-0.8%).

[Myoplasty in total prosthesis of the hip joint].

When the hip joint is replaced by an artificial one, not infrequently a cavity is formed round the neck of the endoprosthesis which is impossible to be covered with local tissues. It is possible to eliminate such a cavity and prevent the formation of a hematoma by myoplasty. Taking into consideration the peculiarities of vascularization and topography of the muscles situated near the hip joint, several versions of myoplasty of the cavity have been worked out which are used in accordance with its size and localization in relation to the neck of endoprosthesis.

[Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in children against a background of viral and bacterial infections].

In the process of intensive therapy, 22 of 32 patients developed gastrointestinal bleeding against the background of acute virobacterial pneumonia. The degree of intoxication, hypoxia, impairment in the coagulative blood system, and the level of circulating immune complexes were the main factors, which defined severity of the state of a patient, massiveness of bleeding and outcome of the treatment. The bleeding developed, if the DIC-syndrome achieved the stage of consumptive coagulopathy, and the content of the middle molecular mass substances and circulating immune complexes exceeded 1.

[Stages of appendicular peritonitis in children].

In compensated stage of peritonitis in children, the degree I endotoxicosis, hyperdynamic type of circulation without impairment in the immune status were revealed. In subcompensated stage of peritonitis, the degree II endotoxicosis, normodynamic type of circulation were noted. The values of the indices of the cellular link of immunity were at the lower normal limit.