Comparison of whole-brain task-modulated functional connectivity methods for fMRI task connectomics.

Higher brain functions require flexible integration of information across widely distributed brain regions depending on the task context. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided substantial insight into large-scale intrinsic brain network organisation, yet the principles of rapid context-dependent reconfiguration of that intrinsic network organisation are much less understood. A major challenge for task connectome mapping is the absence of a gold standard for deriving whole-brain task-modulated functional connectivity matrices.

Comparison of whole-brain task-modulated functional connectivity methods for fMRI task connectomics.

Higher brain functions require flexible integration of information across widely distributed brain regions depending on the task context. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided substantial insight into large-scale intrinsic brain network organisation, yet the principles of rapid context-dependent reconfiguration of that intrinsic network organisation are much less understood. A major challenge for task connectome mapping is the absence of a gold standard for deriving whole-brain task-modulated functional connectivity matrices.

To lie or to tell the truth? The influence of processing the opponent's feedback on the forthcoming choice.

Introduction: The brain mechanisms of deceptive behavior are relatively well studied, and the key brain regions involved in its processing were established. At the same time, the brain mechanisms underlying the processes of preparation for deception are less known.

Methods: We studied BOLD-signal changes during the presentation of the opponent's feedback to a previous deceptive or honest action during the computer game.

Dark triad personality traits are associated with decreased grey matter volumes in 'social brain' structures.

Introduction: Personality traits and the degree of their prominence determine various aspects of social interactions. Some of the most socially relevant traits constitute the Dark Triad - narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism - associated with antisocial behaviour, disregard for moral norms, and a tendency to manipulation. Sufficient data point at the existence of Dark Triad 'profiles' distinguished by trait prominence.

Impaired Non-Selective Response Inhibition in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Two prominent features of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are the inability to inhibit intrusive thoughts and behaviors and pathological doubt or intolerance of uncertainty. Previous study showed that uncertain context modeled by equiprobable presentation of excitatory (Go) and inhibitory (NoGo) stimuli requires non-selective response inhibition in healthy subjects. In other words, it requires transient global inhibition triggered not only by excitatory stimuli but also by inhibitory stimuli.

Parkinson's Disease-Related Brain Metabolic Pattern Is Expressed in Schizophrenia Patients during Neuroleptic Drug-Induced Parkinsonism.

Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is a frequent parkinsonian syndrome that appears as a result of pharmacotherapy for the management of psychosis. It could substantially hamper treatment and therefore its diagnosis has a direct influence on treatment effectiveness. Although of such high importance, there is a lack of systematic research for developing neuroimaging-based criteria for DIP diagnostics for such patients.

Evidence for non-selective response inhibition in uncertain contexts revealed by combined meta-analysis and Bayesian analysis of fMRI data.

Response inhibition is typically considered a brain mechanism selectively triggered by particular "inhibitory" stimuli or events. Based on recent research, an alternative non-selective mechanism was proposed by several authors. Presumably, the inhibitory brain activity may be triggered not only by the presentation of "inhibitory" stimuli but also by any imperative stimuli, including Go stimuli, when the context is uncertain.

Social Interaction With an Anonymous Opponent Requires Increased Involvement of the Theory of Mind Neural System: An fMRI Study.

An anonymous interaction might facilitate provoking behavior and modify the engagement of theory of mind (TOM) brain mechanisms. However, the effect of anonymity when processing unfair behavior of an opponent remains largely unknown. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study applied the Taylor aggression paradigm, introducing an anonymous opponent to this task.

Suppression of non-selected solutions as a possible brain mechanism for ambiguity resolution in the word fragment task completion task.

Brain systems dealing with multiple meanings of ambiguous stimuli are relatively well studied, while the processing of non-selected meanings is less investigated in the neurophysiological literature and provokes controversy between existing theories. It is debated whether these meanings are actively suppressed and, if yes, whether suppression characterizes any task that involves alternative solutions or only those tasks that emphasize semantic processing or the existence of alternatives. The current functional MRI event-related study used a modified version of the word fragment completion task to reveal brain mechanisms involved in implicit processing of the non-selected solutions of ambiguous fragments.

Providing Evidence for the Null Hypothesis in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Group-Level Bayesian Inference.

Classical null hypothesis significance testing is limited to the rejection of the point-null hypothesis; it does not allow the interpretation of non-significant results. This leads to a bias against the null hypothesis. Herein, we discuss statistical approaches to 'null effect' assessment focusing on the Bayesian parameter inference (BPI).

The Interaction Between Caudate Nucleus and Regions Within the Theory of Mind Network as a Neural Basis for Social Intelligence.

The organization of socio-cognitive processes is a multifaceted problem for which many sophisticated concepts have been proposed. One of these concepts is social intelligence (SI), i.e.

Functional Interactions Between Neural Substrates of Socio-cognitive Mechanisms Involved in Simple Deception and Manipulative Truth.

Deceptive intentions may be realized by imparting false (simple deception) or true (manipulative truth) information. Both forms of deception require inferring others' thoughts and are underpinned by the theory of mind (TOM) neural system. Manipulative truth is thought to more strongly recruit these processes.

Neuroanatomical Correlates of Social Intelligence Measured by the Guilford Test.

Social interactions are a crucial aspect of human behaviour. Numerous neurophysiological studies have focused on socio-cognitive processes associated with the so-called theory of mind-the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others. Theory of mind is closely related to social intelligence defined as a set of abilities that facilitate effective social interactions.

Neural mechanisms of deception in a social context: an fMRI replication study.

Deception is a form of manipulation aimed at misleading another person by conveying false or truthful messages. Manipulative truthful statements could be considered as sophisticated deception and elicit an increased cognitive load. However, only one fMRI study reported its neural correlates.

The Spectrophotometric Characteristic of Immunoglobulin Conjugates for Diagnostics of Causative Agents of Especially Dangerous Infections.

The possibility of characterizing fluorescent immunoglobulins using spectrophotometric analysis as a testing method is considered. The comparative analysis of optical properties of fluorescent immunoglobulin preparations and their components-immunoglobulins and fluorochrome-is carried out. The obtained results testify that the proposed methodological approach of optical detection of labeled immunoglobulin molecules can be promising for tests on obtaining conjugates used in immunological tests on revealing specific antigens of causative agents of especially dangerous infections.

Obtaining and Characteristic of Antibodies to Vibrio cholerae Protective Antigens Conjugated with Gold Nanoparticles.

Gold nanoparticle conjugates with Vibrio cholerae antigens were synthesized. The animals were immunized with the obtained conjugates. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the antigens were obtained, which showed high specific activity.

Deceptive but Not Honest Manipulative Actions Are Associated with Increased Interaction between Middle and Inferior Frontal gyri.

The prefrontal cortex is believed to be responsible for execution of deceptive behavior and its involvement is associated with greater cognitive efforts. It is also generally assumed that deception is associated with the inhibition of default honest actions. However, the precise neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown.

[The development of biochip to detect anti-cholera antibodies in human blood serum].

The full-scaled agglutinating immunoassay is commonly applied to detect content of antibodies to cholera agent Vibrio cholerae human in blood serum under application of serological diagnostic. The time of analysis implementation amounts to 18 hours. To shorten time of detection of antibodies a biological microchip (biochip) was developed.

[Functional interactions between caudate nuclei and inferior frontal gyrus in deliberate deception processing].

The present paper dedicated to the research of the functional interactions between brain structures while executing deliberate deceptive actions. Based on our own and literature data, we formulated the hypothesis that the functional interaction between brain areas responsible for the executive control, localized in the prefrontal cortex (inferior frontal gyrus), and the elements of error detection brain system, underlies deception. To test this hypothesis, we applied an analysis of the psychophysiological interaction (PPI), which revealed that the false actions (in comparison with true honestones) associated with increased functional connectivity between the left caudate nucleus and the left inferior frontal gyrus.

Changes in functional connectivity within the fronto-temporal brain network induced by regular and irregular Russian verb production.

Functional connectivity between brain areas involved in the processing of complex language forms remains largely unexplored. Contributing to the debate about neural mechanisms underlying regular and irregular inflectional morphology processing in the mental lexicon, we conducted an fMRI experiment in which participants generated forms from different types of Russian verbs and nouns as well as from nonce stimuli. The data were subjected to a whole brain voxel-wise analysis of context dependent changes in functional connectivity [the so-called psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis].

[Mass spectrometry in medicine and biotechnology].

History of development and improvement of tandem mass spectrometry, possibilities of its application at the contemporary stage in various fields of medicine and biotechnology including production of novel medicinal preparations, identification of biologically active substances, pathogenic microorganisms and causative agents of especially dangerous infections is given.

An ER-fMRI study of Russian inflectional morphology.

The generation of regular and irregular past tense verbs has long been a testing ground for different models of inflection in the mental lexicon. Behavioral studies examined a variety of languages, but neuroimaging studies rely almost exclusively on English and German data. In our fMRI experiment, participants inflected Russian verbs and nouns of different types and corresponding nonce stimuli.

Possible role of an error detection mechanism in brain processing of deception: PET-fMRI study.

To investigate brain maintenance of deliberate deception the positron emission tomography and the event related functional MRI studies were performed. We used an experimental paradigm that presupposed free choices between equally beneficial deceptive or honest actions. Experimental task simulated the "Cheat" card game which aims to defeat an opponent by sequential deceptive and honest claims.

[Pathology of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive compulsive disorder].

In the present article the features of the functional activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key element of neuroanatomical brain system of an error detection, in drug-resistant forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are discussed on a basis of both original and literature data. Available data indicate the presence of functional deficit in the ACC during OCD. This allows to suggest that functions of the ACC in OCD patient are partially redistributed between other brain areas.

[Factor structure of regional CBF and CMRglu values as a tool for the study of default mode of the brain].

In the present article it was shown that the functional connectivity of brain structures, revealed by factor analysis of resting PET CBF and rCMRglu data, is an adequate tool to study the default mode of the human brain. The identification of neuroanatomic systems of default mode (default mode network) during routine clinical PET investigations is important for further studying the functional organization of the normal brain and its reorganizations in pathological conditions.