Analysis of the interferons induced in mice in vivo and in macrophages in vitro by Newcastle disease virus and by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid.

C57BL/6 mice or pure cultures of their macrophages were inoculated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or poly(I).poly(C) to induce interferons (IFNs) that were separated on CH-Sepharose 4B columns. The elution profiles of different activity peaks were compared.

Effect of interleukin-2 on the manifestation and growth of acetoxymethyl-methylnitrosamine-induced colorectal rat adenocarcinoma.

The effect of highly purified human interleukin-2 (IL-2) was assessed on acetoxymethyl-methylnitrosamine(AMMN)-induced colorectal Sprague-Dawley rat adenocarcinoma. Treatment was given for 5 weeks and started 5 weeks after a period of 10 weeks intrarectal administration of 2 mg/kg of AMMN once a week. Animals which showed no evidence of tumors by endoscopical examination of the gut were given 10,000 units/kg of IL-2 s.

Modulation of granulocyte oxidative response by recombinant interferon alpha 2 and gamma.

Interferon (IFN) has been described to influence various cellular functions. In this study we investigated whether the oxidative response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is also affected by IFN. In order to exclude the possible influence of impurities in IFN preparations, only recombinant human IFN alpha 2 or gamma were used.

Induction of natural killer cell activity in mice by injection of indomethacin.

The natural killer (NK) cell system of mice in the peritoneal cavity is of very low to undetectable activity, and testing peritoneal NK cells is a useful model to study the influence of activating substances upon local injection. Injection of indomethacin at doses of 100-400 micrograms/mouse caused a marked activation of NK cell activity which was maximal at 3 days and lasted for a total of 6 days. A similar albeit less marked effect was observed with other cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as aspirin.

Prolongation of survival of mice bearing the Eb and ESb lymphoma by treatment with interferon inducers alone or in combination with Corynebacterium parvum.

The objective of this study was to evaluate if pretreatment with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) augments the effects of interferon (IFN) inducers on survival of DBA/2 mice transplanted with two syngeneic lymphoma variants, the low metastatic Eb and the high metastatic ESb tumor. The involvement of IFN in the treatment effects was investigated.

Characterization of interferon induced in murine macrophage cultures by 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone.

Pure murine macrophages were induced by 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone to produce interferon. The supernatants were partially purified by a three-column procedure including a DEAE-Biogel A, a CM-Biogel A, and a CH-Sepharose 4B column. The specific activity achieved was about 10(5) IU/mg.

Inhibition of replication of herpes simplex virus in mouse macrophages by interferons.

The replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 in macrophages grown from spleen cells of mouse strains susceptible to HSV infection in vivo was very sensitive to interferon (IFN). Different types of mouse IFN (alpha, beta, gamma) exhibited similar antiviral activities. However, treatment of cells with IFN-gamma in combination with IFN-alpha or IFN-beta resulted in a synergistic inhibition of virus growth.

[Interferons--biologic principles and clinical uses].

Interferons are components of the nonspecific defense system. Their most prominent biological roles are the antiviral, the antiproliferative, and the immunoregulatory activities. However, their primary functions within the organism remains to be determined.

Decreased production of interferon alpha and interferon gamma in leucocyte cultures of schizophrenic patients.

In a first approach to measure the activity of the interferon system in schizophrenic patients, leucocyte cultures of schizophrenic patients and normal control individuals were set up using a whole blood assay. In this system both lymphoproliferation and the induction of interferon was tested. The lymphoproliferation (LP) test was performed with one bacterial recall antigen (PPD) and four different mitogens (phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and a novel mitogen derived from mycoplasma arthritidis - MAS).

Proliferative responses to human cytomegalovirus in lymphocyte cultures of male homosexuals.

29 healthy adults and 32 male homosexuals were investigated for their humoral and cellular immunity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In contrast to 30% of the controls, all homosexuals had HCMV serum antibodies. In addition, 84% of the homosexuals reacted positively in HCMV induced in vitro lymphocyte proliferation as compared to 66% of the controls.

Identification of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gC as the immunodominant antigen for HSV-1-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

The frequency and fine specificity of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) of C57BL/6 mice was investigated in limiting dilution culture. The reactivity patterns of virus-specific CTL were assayed on target cells infected with HSV type 1, strain KOS, HSV type 2, strain Mueller, and mutants of HSV-1 (KOS) antigenically deficient or altered in glycoproteins gC or gB, two of the four major HSV-1-encoded cell surface glycoprotein antigens. Most CTL clones recognized type-specific determinants on target cells infected with the immunizing HSV serotype.

Recombinant interleukin 2 rapidly augments human natural killer cell activity.

Recombinant human interleukin 2 (r-IL-2) rapidly stimulated human natural killer cell activity in vitro. Augmentation of NK activity occurred within 1 hr of preincubation with r-IL-2. Responsive killer cells were typical NK cells as shown by cell fractionation procedures.

A whole-blood lymphoproliferation assay for measuring cellular immunity against herpes viruses.

A whole blood test system was established to study cell-mediated immunity to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in a large number of healthy blood donors. Cellular immunity was measured by the in vitro proliferative response (LP) of peripheral lymphocytes. These responded vigorously to several mitogens.

Injection of anti-thy-1.2 serum breaks genetic resistance of mice against herpes simplex virus.

Nude mice have been shown to be as resistant to intraperitoneal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) as their heterozygous littermates. Here we document that both activation of natural killer (NK) cells and interferon induction were normal in nu/nu mice after injection of HSV. Injection of silica caused increased mortality by HSV in C57BL/6 mice.

Attempts to correlate interferon induction and activation of natural killer cells by Corynebacterium parvum.

Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Poly I:Poly C resulted in high interferon titers in the peritoneal wash fluid and in the serum of mice, which was maximal at 4 to 6 h after injection.

Lack of inhibition of mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation by interferon gamma.

Interferon (IFN) gamma has been shown to have enhancing effects on immunocompetent cells, as for example induction of the expression of I-A antigens. In this report the effect of purified mouse IFN-gamma on mitogen-induced proliferation was studied. In contrast to the situation observed with IFN-alpha or IFN-beta, treatment by IFN-gamma had no suppressive effect on mitogenesis.

[Interferon production and lymphoproliferation in whole blood of schizophrenia patients].

Using a whole blood assay the activity of the interferon system and mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation were tested in schizophrenic patients and normal individuals. Leucocytes of the patients produced significantly less interferon than controls after stimulation with the alpha interferon inducers Corynebacterium parvum (CP) or Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and with the gamma interferon inducers PHA and Con A. Differences in the lymphoproliferation test were also measured.

Interferon inducibility in mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum.

Mice were given single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of Corynebacterium parvum, followed, after different time intervals, by i.

Role of interferon in the resistance of C3H/HeJ mice to infection with herpes simplex virus.

C3H/HeJ mice known to be defective in their responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharides, are more resistant to infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) than the closely related strain C3HeB/FeJ. The increased resistance is reflected in higher early local interferon titers after HSV infection. However, NK cell activation by HSV is not correlated with resistance, since the NK cell response of C3H/HeJ mice was significantly lower than that of the control strain.

[Manometry studies of continence performance in patients following gracilisplasty].

Out of a total of 10 patients who had undergone a Pickrell-procedure of the gracilis muscle from 1970-1980, 6 were now followed-up by clinical examination and perfusion manometry of the anal canal. The manometric parameters were compared with an anamnestic score. For anal continence the degree of resting activity of the transposed gracilis muscle is in our opinion not decisive.

[Manometry studies in the evaluation of anal continence].

In a complex measuring program performing anorectal perfusion manometry a great number of parameters were determined in incontinent patients, patients after continence improving operations and in healthy persons. In this way, we were able to select 20 parameters in which healthy persons differ from incontinent patients, the difference occurring with a security of 99.0 to 99.