Artificial intelligence in clinical nutrition and dietetics: A brief overview of current evidence.

The rapid surge in artificial intelligence (AI) has dominated technological innovation in today's society. As experts begin to understand the potential, a spectrum of opportunities could yield a remarkable revolution. The upsurge in healthcare could transform clinical interventions and outcomes, but it risks dehumanization and increased unethical practices.

Tolerance, adherence, and acceptability of a ketogenic 2.5:1 ratio, nutritionally complete, medium chain triglyceride-containing liquid feed in children and adults with drug-resistant epilepsy following a ketogenic diet.

Objective: To investigate incorporating a ready-to-use 2.5:1 ratio liquid feed into a ketogenic diet (KD) in children and adults with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods: Following a three-day baseline, patients (n = 19; age: 19 years [SD 13], range: 8-46 years) followed a KD for 28 days (control period), then incorporated ≥200 mL/day of a ready-to-use liquid feed, made with a ratio of 2.

Prevention of malnutrition and faltering growth in children and young people.

Malnutrition can be defined as 'a state in which a deficiency of nutrients such as energy, protein, vitamins and minerals cause measurable adverse effects on body composition, function or clinical outcome'. Identification of malnutrition in children, therefore, requires an understanding of their growth. Faltering growth is the failure to achieve the expected rate of weight gain, linear and brain growth at a normal rate for age, which is a known consequence of inadequate nutrition.

Synbiotic containing extensively hydrolyzed formula improves gastrointestinal and atopic symptom severity, growth, caregiver quality of life, and hospital-related healthcare use in infants with cow's milk allergy.

Background: Healthy gut microbiota is important for prognosis in cow's milk allergy (CMA). The application of synbiotics (specific pre- and probiotics) in extensively hydrolyzed formulae (eHFs) is a relatively new concept.

Aims: To evaluate a synbiotic-containing, whey-based eHF (SeHF) with galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, and bifidobacterium breve M-16V in infants with CMA.

The use of amino acid-based nutritional feeds is effective in the dietary management of pediatric eosinophilic oesophagitis.

Introduction: Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated, chronic disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and esophageal dysfunction. Specific food allergens including cow's milk protein, are partially causative to disease progression, and dietary management forms three main options; the elemental diet (ED), the empirical elimination diet (EED), and the targeted elimination diet (TED). The dietary choice should be individualized, however, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines recommend an ED for pediatric EoE with multiple food allergies, failure to thrive, unresponsive disease or unable to follow a highly restricted diet.

Increased whole grain consumption does not affect blood biochemistry, body composition, or gut microbiology in healthy, low-habitual whole grain consumers.

Background: Whole-grain (WG) foods have been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, but studies are inconsistent and effects on cardiovascular risk markers are not clear.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of increasing WG consumption to at least 80 g/d on overall dietary intake, body composition, blood pressure (BP), blood lipids, blood glucose, gastrointestinal microbiology, and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy, middle-aged adults with habitual WG intake <24 g/d.

Methods: Eligible subjects [12 men, 21 women, aged 40-65 y, body mass index (BMI): 20-35 kg/m(2)] were identified through use of food frequency questionnaires and subsequently completed 3-day food diaries (3DFDs) to confirm habitual WG consumption.

Effects of increased wholegrain consumption on immune and inflammatory markers in healthy low habitual wholegrain consumers.

Purpose: Wholegrain (WG) consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, but clinical data on inflammation and immune function is either conflicting or limited. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of increasing WG consumption to at least 80 g/day on markers of inflammation and glucose metabolism and on phenotypic and functional aspects of the immune system, in healthy, middle-aged adults with low habitual WG intake.

Methods: Subjects consumed a diet high in WG (>80 g/day) or low in WG (<16 g/day, refined grain diet) in a crossover study, with 6-week intervention periods, separated by a 4-week washout.