Adaptation of Research Project Requirement at Pharmacy Undergraduate Studies: Students' Perception, Attitude, and Experiences.

Objective: To determine the final year pharmacy undergraduate students' attitudes toward research after completing a research project.

Methods: A research project was introduced in the final year of the PharmD program in January 2022. After a period of one year, in Janurary 2023, students submitted their final research to the faculty members.

Approaches and perspectives for online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and future chaos.

Background: Online learning (OLL) methodology has been incorporated in higher education extensively on the mount over the last few decades and with the onset of COVID-19 situation, the virtual method in academia became essential. After observing worldly destructions and death due to coronavirus, the WHO declared a high alert emergency, and since Pakistan started to follow lockdown since March 2020 to prevent high penetration and consequently, the online teaching method was adapted to keep the learning atmosphere alive. The study is aimed to identify the influencing factors and compliance for the implementation of the OLL system in COVID-19 and, in the future, nonpandemic state as well.

Self-Medication in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survival of the Fittest.

Objective: After the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic, intense efforts to combat the novel coronavirus were undertaken, with many fatalities in most regions of the world. The high fatality rate and socioeconomic collapse affected the health of uninfected individuals because healthcare measures and scheduled clinical and hospital visits were avoided by people in an attempt to reduce their exposure to the contagion. The general population began self-medication practices as means to safeguard against exposure to the virus.

Some novel piperidine analogues having strong alpha glucosidase inhibition.

The idea of this study is based on the marvelous fact of nojirimycin and deoxy nojirimycin, naturally occurring from piperidine class and having their role as alpha glucosidase inhibitors. In the present work some hydroxyl piperidine analogues have been synthesized and analysed for their hypoglycemic effect through glucosidase inhibition owing to the structural resemblance with nojirimycin. The activity was done by spectral absorbance analysis using acarbose as standard.

Prescribing pattern of angiotensin receptor blocker: A study of errors and drug-drug interactions.

Prescriptions comprising multi-drug therapy mostly illustrate the prescribing error. The phenomenon of error is bonded with human inaccuracy. The erroneous practice is observed in under developed countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh and also in developed ones.

CREB mediates the insulinotropic and anti-apoptotic effects of GLP-1 signaling in adult mouse β-cells.

Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a major role in pancreatic β-cell function and survival by increasing cytoplasmic cAMP levels, which are thought to affect transcription through activation of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor CREB. Here, we test CREB function in the adult β-cell through inducible gene deletion.

Methods: We employed cell type-specific and inducible gene ablation to determine CREB function in pancreatic β-cells in mice.

Genome-wide analysis of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network of sea urchins.

A central challenge of developmental and evolutionary biology is to understand the transformation of genetic information into morphology. Elucidating the connections between genes and anatomy will require model morphogenetic processes that are amenable to detailed analysis of cell/tissue behaviors and to systems-level approaches to gene regulation. The formation of the calcified endoskeleton of the sea urchin embryo is a valuable experimental system for developing such an integrated view of the genomic regulatory control of morphogenesis.

The genomic regulatory control of skeletal morphogenesis in the sea urchin.

A central challenge of developmental and evolutionary biology is to understand how anatomy is encoded in the genome. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms that control the development of specific anatomical features will require the analysis of model morphogenetic processes and an integration of biological information at genomic, cellular and tissue levels. The formation of the endoskeleton of the sea urchin embryo is a powerful experimental system for developing such an integrated view of the genomic regulatory control of morphogenesis.

The expression and distribution of Wnt and Wnt receptor mRNAs during early sea urchin development.

The protein beta-catenin plays a critically important role in establishing axial polarity during early animal development. In many organisms, beta-catenin is degraded preferentially on one side of the cleavage stage embryo. On the opposite side of the embryo, beta-catenin is stabilized and accumulates in the nucleus, where it functions in concert with members of the LEF/TCF family to activate the transcription of diverse target genes.

Expansion of adult beta-cell mass in response to increased metabolic demand is dependent on HNF-4alpha.

The failure to expand functional pancreatic beta-cell mass in response to increased metabolic demand is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Lineage tracing studies indicate that replication of existing beta-cells is the principle mechanism for beta-cell expansion in adult mice. Here we demonstrate that the proliferative response of beta-cells is dependent on the orphan nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha), the gene that is mutated in Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young 1 (MODY1).