Optimal dsRNA Concentration for RNA Interference in Asian Citrus Psyllid.

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is a citrus pest and insect vector of " Liberibacter asiaticus", the causal agent of citrus greening disease. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) biopesticides that trigger RNA interference (RNAi) offer an alternative to traditional insecticides. Standardized laboratory screening of dsRNA requires establishing the minimal effective concentration(s) that result in effective RNAi "penetrance" and trigger RNAi, resulting in one or more measurable phenotypes, herein, significant gene knockdown and the potential for mortality.

Discovery of succinate dehydrogenase candidate fungicides via lead optimization for effective resistance management of f. sp. .

Unlabelled: Fusarium wilt of chili caused by the fungus f. sp. (FCO) severely reduces the production of chili worldwide.

Chitinase genes from for the control of whitefly in cotton.

Entomopathogenic fungi produces endochitianses, involved in the degradation of insect chitin to facilitate the infection process. Endochitinases () gene of family 18 glycosyl hydrolyses were amplified, cloned and characterized from genomic DNA of two isolates of Catalytic motif of family 18 glycosyl hydrolyses was found in of , while no signal peptide was found in any isolate, whereas substrate-binding motif was found in of both isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary relationship among the fungal chitinases of .

Biotechnological application of endophytic filamentous bipolaris and curvularia: a review on bioeconomy impact.

The filamentous Bipolaris and Curvularia genera consist of species known to cause severe diseases in plants and animals amounting to an estimated annual loss of USD $10 billion worldwide. Despite the harmful effect of Bipolaris and Curvularia species, scarce attention is paid on beneficial areas where the fungi are used in industrial processes to generate biotechnological products. Catalytic potential of Bipolaris and Curvularia species in the production of biodiesel, bioflucculant, biosorbent, and mycoherbicide are promising for the bioeconomy.

Global challenges faced by engineered genes in soybean ( L.) in the twenty-first century.

The most important insect pests causing severe economic damages to soybean ( L.) production worldwide are (), (), (), (), (Walker, Noctuidae), (Walker, Noctuidae), (Stoll, Noctuidae), (Smith; Noctuidae), (Hübner, Noctuidae), (Boddie; Noctuidae) and (Hymenoptera,Platygastidae). Despite the success of biotech ()/herbicide tolerance (HT)-soybean in the past decade in terms of output, unforeseen mitigated performances have been observed due to changes in climatic events that favors the emergence of insect resistance.

Evidence of genetically diverse virulent mating types of Phytophthora capsici from Capsicum annum L.

Chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is an important economic crop that is severely destroyed by the filamentous oomycete Phytophthora capsici. Little is known about this pathogen in key chili pepper farms in Punjab province, Pakistan.

Invasive morphological transitions and immunoadaptations mediating antifungal resistance.

Background And Aims: Thom is a pathogen of public health and agricultural importance for its seamless abilities to expand its ecological niche. The aim of this study was holistically to investigate morphological and immunoadaptations and their implication in antifungal resistance and proliferation during infection.

Materials And Methods: In-depth unstructured mining of relevant peer-reviewed literature was performed for morphological, immune, resistance, and genetic diversity based on the sequenced calmodulin-like gene.

Global invasive Cochliobolus species: cohort of destroyers with implications in food losses and insecurity in the twenty-first century.

Matching the global food demand by 2050 and to ensure the stability of food security in over than 99 countries, it is necessary to scale up the production of food such as sorghum, wheat, rice, maize and sugarcane which are however natural hosts of Cochliobolus species. Cochliobolus species major epidemics such as the Great Bengal famine, Southern corn leaf blight, and Northern leaf spot blight were associated with substantial economic losses in the past decades. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish a specific coordinated global surveillance program for the migration of invasive Cochliobolus species, planning contextual control programs engaging all agricultural stakeholders and information sharing in real time for prevention of disastrous Cochliobolus disease outbreak effects.

Complete nucleotide sequences of two begomoviruses infecting Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) from Pakistan.

Though Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) is an ornamental plant, it is famous for its medicinal value. Its alkaloids are known for anti-cancerous properties, and this plant is studied mainly for its alkaloids. Here, this plant has been studied for its viral diseases.

Students, stress and coping strategies: a case of Pakistani medical school.

Objective: Assess the perception of stress amongst medical students and their coping strategies. METHODOLOGY/STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study using a semi-structured self administered questionnaire was carried out over four weeks, using a small sample of students of all categories and classes of a medical college.

Results: A total of 264 students out of 300 (88%) filled in the questionnaire.