Zebrafish navigating the metabolic maze: insights into human disease - assets, challenges and future implications.

Zebrafish () have become indispensable models for advancing our understanding of multiple metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of zebrafish as a powerful tool for dissecting the genetic and molecular mechanisms of these diseases, focusing on key genes, like , , , and . Zebrafish offer distinct advantages, including genetic tractability, optical transparency in early development, and the conservation of key metabolic pathways with humans.

Metallodrugs: Synthesis, mechanism of action and nanoencapsulation for targeted chemotherapy.

As a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease, cancer has a high mortality rate, and the search for more effective treatments is an enormous challenge. Metal coordination compounds open a range of possibilities that conventional organic and biological molecules can no longer fulfil due to increasing drug resistance. Metallodrugs still have tremendous potential to help overcome drug resistance and find new cures in medicine, considering that at least 25 metallic elements participate in healthy functioning of the human body.

A Path Analysis of Relationship between War Trauma, Post - Traumatic Stress and Post Traumatic Growth.

Background & Objective: Police officials who participated in war on terror were exposed to high frequency of traumatic exposures. Previous research suggests that exposure of war trauma can results in negative changes like stress and positive changes like growth. Our objective was to study the role of post-traumatic stress in relationship between war trauma and post traumatic growth among police officials.

Biotechnological Approaches for Metal Recovery from Electronic Wastes.

The disposal of electronic waste (EW) in open landfills has caused several toxic environmental effects. The harmful metallic components released in the environment due to deposition of EW act as hazards for living systems. EW management has been widely studied in recent days across the world.

Phylogenetically distant enzymes localized in cytosol and plastids drive citral biosynthesis in lemongrass.

Citral, a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpene aldehyde, is present in the essential oils of various plants, but only a few produce it in abundance. Despite its importance as a key aroma molecule, knowledge regarding the in-planta biosynthesis of citral and its metabolic origin remains limited. Here, we have elucidated the functions of an alcohol dehydrogenase (CfADH1) and an aldoketo-reductase (CfAKR2b) in citral biosynthesis in lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), one of the most cultivated aromatic crops for its citral-rich essential oil.

Exploring the Link between Sleep Disorders and Ocular Health: A Comprehensive Clinical Study.

Background: Sleep disorders and ocular conditions are prevalent health concerns with significant impact on the quality of life. However, the relationship between them remains underexplored. Additionally, therapeutic interventions targeting both sleep and eye health are explored.

Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: Implications for Comprehensive Patient Care.

Background: Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases pose significant challenges to clinicians due to their diverse presentations and potential impact on vision. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for effective patient management and prevention of vision loss.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective clinical study, we investigated ocular manifestations in 50 patients with various systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.

8-Aminoquinoline derived two Schiff base platforms: Synthesis, characterization, DFT insights, corrosion inhibitor, molecular docking, and pH-dependent antibacterial study.

The current research divulges the synthesis of two new Schiff base (SB) ( / ) derived from 8-aminoquinoline (8-AMQ) in the presence of 2-hydroxy naphthaldehyde (NAPH) and ortho-vanillin (O-VAN) in CHOH solvent. They are structurally characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR/Raman/UV-vis/DRS/NMR) and SEM-EDX. SB compounds have a biologically active avenue of azomethine/imine group (H-C=N) that can donate N e's to M ions, showing coordinating flexibility.

A Rare Case of Collecting Duct Carcinoma With Extensive Coagulative Necrosis.

Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is an aggressive renal malignancy with limited diagnostic and therapeutic consensus. We report a case of a 69-year-old male with CDC and extensive coagulative necrosis who presented with lower extremity swelling, abdominal distention, and an enlarged left kidney causing grade IV hydronephrosis. Initial treatment with a left percutaneous nephrostomy was followed by clinical deterioration and a diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Advances in Precision Medicine Approaches for Colorectal Cancer: From Molecular Profiling to Targeted Therapies.

Precision medicine is transforming colorectal cancer treatment through the integration of advanced technologies and biomarkers, enhancing personalized and effective disease management. Identification of key driver mutations and molecular profiling have deepened our comprehension of the genetic alterations in colorectal cancer, facilitating targeted therapy and immunotherapy selection. Biomarkers such as microsatellite instability (MSI) and DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) guide treatment decisions, opening avenues for immunotherapy.

The Impact of Gender Diversity on Excellence in Pathology Research and Education.

In this editorial, we inspect the critical role of gender diversity within the domain of pathology and its consequential impact on research innovation and clinical outcomes. The editorial commences with a historical overview of gender disparities in pathology, acknowledging advancements toward gender parity while highlighting persistent impediments to full inclusivity. The discourse emphasizes the intrinsic value of integrating diverse gender perspectives in research, illustrating how such inclusivity catalyzes innovation, mitigates research biases, and elevates the standard of patient care through a more comprehensive understanding of the field of pathology.

Pathology in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Redefining Roles and Responsibilities for Tomorrow's Practitioners.

The evolution of pathology from its rudimentary beginnings around 1700 BC to the present day has been marked by profound advancement in understanding and diagnosing diseases. This journey, from the earliest dissections to the modern era of histochemical analysis, sets the stage for the next transformative leap to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in pathology. Recent research highlights AI's significant potential to revolutionize healthcare within the next decade, with a particular impact on diagnostic processes.

Regulatory insights into nanomedicine and gene vaccine innovation: Safety assessment, challenges, and regulatory perspectives.

This analysis explores the principal regulatory concerns linked to nanomedicines and gene vaccines, including the complexities involved and the perspectives on how to navigate them. In the realm of nanomedicines, ensuring the safety of nanomaterials is paramount due to their unique characteristics and potential interactions with biological systems. Regulatory bodies are actively formulating guidelines and standards to assess the safety and risks associated with nanomedicine products, emphasizing the need for standardized characterization techniques to accurately gauge their safety and effectiveness.

Isoprenyl diphosphate synthases of terpenoid biosynthesis in rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens).

The essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens (rose-scented geranium), an important aromatic plant, comprising mainly mono- and sesqui-terpenes, has applications in food and cosmetic industries. This study reports the characterization of isoprenyl disphosphate synthases (IDSs) involved in P. graveolens terpene biosynthesis.

Effects of rodent abundance on ticks and Borrelia: results from an experimental and observational study in an island system.

Background: Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe and is often caused by Borrelia afzelii, which is transmitted by Ixodes ricinus ticks. The prevalence and abundance of infected ticks fluctuate in time and space, influencing human infection risk. Rodents are reservoir hosts for B.

Zebrafish: A trending model for gut-brain axis investigation.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has ascended as a pivotal model organism in the realm of gut-brain axis research, principally owing to its high-throughput experimental capabilities and evolutionary alignment with mammals. The inherent transparency of zebrafish embryos facilitates unprecedented real-time imaging, affording unparalleled insights into the intricate dynamics of bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Noteworthy are the structural and functional parallels shared between the zebrafish and mammalian gut-brain axis components, rendering zebrafish an invaluable model for probing the molecular and cellular intricacies inherent in this critical physiological interaction.

Revisiting microbial exopolysaccharides: a biocompatible and sustainable polymeric material for multifaceted biomedical applications.

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have gained significant attention as versatile biomolecules with multifarious applications across various sectors. This review explores the valorisation of EPS and its potential impact on diverse sectors, including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and biotechnology. EPS, secreted by microorganisms, possess unique physicochemical properties, such as high molecular weight, water solubility, and biocompatibility, making them attractive for numerous functional roles.

Analysis of root volatiles and functional characterization of a root-specific germacrene A synthase in Artemisia pallens.

The study demonstrated that Artemisia pallens roots can be a source of terpene-rich essential oil and root-specific ApTPS1 forms germacrene A contributing to major root volatiles. Davana (Artemisia pallens Bess) is a valuable aromatic herb within the Asteraceae family, highly prized for its essential oil (EO) produced in the aerial parts. However, the root volatile composition, and the genes responsible for root volatiles have remained unexplored until now.

Quantification of Calcium Ions From the Irrigants Activated With Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser in the Root Dentin: An In Vitro Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Study.

Objective: The present study aims to assess the quantity of calcium cation eliminated from the root canal by 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) (Sigma Aldrich, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (Pyrax 17% EDTA Solution, Pyrax Polymars, Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India) which are activated with an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser (LiteTouch™, Light Instruments Ltd., Yokneam Elite, Israel) for smear layer removal using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AASF) (Deeksha Analytical Pvt Ltd, Gokula Extension, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India).

Noxious ramifications of cosmetic pollutants on gastrointestinal microbiome: A pathway to neurological disorders.

On exposure to cosmetic pollutants, gastrointestinal dysbiosis, which is characterised by a disturbance in the gut microbiota, has come into focus as a possible contributor to the occurrence of neurotoxic consequences. It is normal practice to use personal care products that include parabens, phthalates, sulphates, triclosans/triclocarbans and micro/nano plastics. These substances have been found in a variety of bodily fluids and tissues, demonstrating their systemic dispersion.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma in an Elderly Male With Extensive Local Disease.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. It is often found in the sun-exposed skin areas of elderly individuals of Caucasian descent. MCC has a tendency for local recurrence and the potential to invade nearby lymph nodes and spread to distant sites in the body.

The Changing Global Epidemiology of Re-emerging Human Monkeypox Virus Infection: A Systematic Review.

Human monkeypox virus (MPVX) infection represents an emerging zoonotic disease caused by an orthopoxvirus, resulting in a condition reminiscent of smallpox. More recent developments have witnessed a notable surge in global MPVX outbreaks, eliciting significant concerns. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological factors of the emerging human monkeypox virus infection, including the number of suspected, confirmed, and fatal cases, as well as the risk factors for contracting monkeypox infection.

Digital Pathology: Transforming Diagnosis in the Digital Age.

In the context of rapid technological advancements, the narrative review titled "Digital Pathology: Transforming Diagnosis in the Digital Age" explores the significant impact of digital pathology in reshaping diagnostic approaches. This review delves into the various effects of the field, including remote consultations and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted analysis, revealing the ongoing transformation taking place. The investigation explores the process of digitizing traditional glass slides, which aims to improve accessibility and facilitate sharing.

A Narrative Review on the Monkeypox Virus: An Ongoing Global Outbreak Hitting the Non-Endemic Countries.

Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic DNA with lineage from the Poxviridae family, Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and Orthopoxvirus genus. With a previous history of controlled and contained occasional outbreaks of the virus, currently, a widely erupted outbreak of monkeypox with progressively rising numbers has been reported since May 2022 in multiple countries of the western hemisphere that are not historically endemic for this infection, particularly the United Kingdom and European Union countries. We have written a comprehensive review article to help clinicians better understand the disease.