Comparison of localization and release of multivesicular bodies and secretory granules in islet cells: Dysregulation during type-2 diabetes.

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are vesicles of endosomal origin containing intraluminal vesicles, which upon fusion with plasma membrane, secrete exosomes. They play a significant role in the physiology and pathology of type-2 diabetes (T2D) due to disrupted intercellular communication. The role of MVBs and their influence on insulin secretory granules (ISGs) of β-cells or their characterization is yet to be uncovered.

Advances in computational approaches to structure determination of alphaviruses and flaviviruses using cryo-electron microscopy.

Advancements in the field of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have greatly contributed to our current understanding of virus structures and life cycles. In this review, we discuss the application of single particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM) for the structure elucidation of small enveloped icosahedral viruses, namely, alpha- and flaviviruses. We focus on technical advances in cryo-EM data collection, image processing, three-dimensional reconstruction, and refinement strategies for obtaining high-resolution structures of these viruses.

Migration study of chemical additives from low density polyethylene (LDPE) into .

is widely used fermented milk product in India. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is the most extensively used packaging material for in India. The present study was conducted to develop the analytical methods for extraction and migration of chemical additives from LDPE into .

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Endonuclease VIII 2 (Nei2) forms a prereplicative BER complex with DnaN: Identification, characterization, and disruption of complex formation.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nei2 (Rv3297) is a BER glycosylase that removes oxidized base lesions from ssDNA and replication fork-mimicking substrates. We show that Endonuclease VIII 2 (Nei2) forms a BER complex with the β-clamp (DnaN, Rv0002) with a K of 170 nM. The Nei2-β-clamp interactions enhance Nei2's activities up to several folds.

Leprosy drug clofazimine activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and synergizes with imatinib to inhibit chronic myeloid leukemia cells.

Leukemia stem cells contribute to drug-resistance and relapse in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and BCR-ABL1 inhibitor monotherapy fails to eliminate these cells, thereby necessitating alternate therapeutic strategies for patients CML. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone downregulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and in combination with imatinib induces complete molecular response in imatinib-refractory patients by eroding leukemia stem cells. Thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone are, however, associated with severe side effects.

Estimation of steviol glycosides in food matrices by high performance liquid chromatography.

Steviol glycosides (SGs) are non-caloric, natural sweetener obtained from plant and are used as sugar substitute in foods. The level of SGs in foods should not exceed maximum permissible limit defined by regulatory agencies. Thus analytical methods are required for assay of stevioside (Stev) and rebaudioside A (Reb A), which are two major constituents of SGs, in foods.

Mycobacterial protein tyrosine kinase, PtkA phosphorylates PtpA at tyrosine residues and the mechanism is stalled by the novel series of inhibitors.

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are the key mechanisms for mycobacterial physiology and play critical roles in mycobacterial survival and in its pathogenesis. Mycobacteria evade host immune mechanism by inhibiting phagosome - lysosome fusion in which mycobacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase A (PtpA;TP) plays an indispensable role. Tyrosine kinase (PtkA;TK) activated by autophosphorylation; phosphorylates TP, which subsequently leads to increase in its phosphatase activity.

Construction of a lateral flow strip for detection of soymilk in milk.

A lateral flow based detection method for ascertaining the presence of soymilk in whole bovine milk has been described. The method uses commercially available rabbit anti-soy protein antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) wherein soymilk protein in adulterated milk and soymilk protein at test line competes for limited antibodies. At control line, anti-rabbit immunoglobulin was immobilized for ensuring flow properties of antibody-conjugated AuNPs.

Biochemical characterization and novel inhibitor identification of Endonuclease VIII 2 (Rv3297).

Nei2 (Rv3297) is a DNA Base Excision Repair (BER) glycosylase that is essential for survival of in primates. We show that MtbNei2 is a bifunctional glycosylase that specifically acts on oxidized pyrimidine-containing single-stranded, double-stranded, 5'/3' fork and bubble DNA substrates. MtbNei2 possesses Uracil DNA glycosylase activity unlike Nei.

Rapid screening test for detection of oxytetracycline residues in milk using lateral flow assay.

A rapid, semi-quantitative lateral flow assay (LFA) was developed to screen the oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotics residues in milk samples. In this study a competitive immuno-assay format was established. Colloidal gold nano-particles (GNP) were prepared and used as labelling material in LFA.

Iron (II)-chelating activity of buffalo αS-casein hydrolysed by corolase PP, alcalase and flavourzyme.

Iron is a vital substance for human health which participates in many biochemical reactions. It also act as initiator for many harmful oxidative process. Buffalo αS-casein enriched fraction (80 %) was hydrolysed independently by corolase PP (H1), alcalase (H2), flavourzyme (H3) and sequentially by alcalase-flavourzyme (H4).

Synthesis and application of cephalexin imprinted polymer for solid phase extraction in milk.

Molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) against cephalexin was synthesized by co-polymerization of functional monomer, cross-linker, radical initiator, along with target molecule (cephalexin) in a porogenic material. Binding of cephalexin towards prepared MIP was studied in different solvents (water, methanol, 1M NaCl, acetone and acetonitrile) and best binding was observed in methanol. Partition coefficient and selectivity of prepared imprint and non-imprint was also studied.