ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a common condition impacting individuals assigned female at birth. Though incompletely understood, the disorder is caused by endometrial-like tissue located outside of the endometrial cavity, associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Clinical presentation is variable, ranging from asymptomatic to severe pelvic pain and infertility.

Quality assessment of expedited AI generated reformatted images for ED acquired CT abdomen and pelvis imaging.

Purpose: Retrospectively compare image quality, radiologist diagnostic confidence, and time for images to reach PACS for contrast enhanced abdominopelvic CT examinations created on the scanner console by technologists versus those generated automatically by thin-client artificial intelligence (AI) mechanisms.

Methods: A retrospective PACS search identified adults who underwent an emergency department contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT in 07/2022 (Console Cohort) and 07/2023 (Server Cohort). Coronal and sagittal multiplanar reformatted images (MPR) were created by AI software in the Server cohort.

Performance of O-RADS MRI Score in Differentiating Benign From Malignant Ovarian Teratomas: MR Feature Analysis for Differentiating O-RADS 4 From O-RADS 2.

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of the ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system magnetic resonance imaging (O-RADS MRI) score and perform individual MRI feature analysis for differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian teratomas.

Methods: In this institutional review board-approved retrospective study, consecutive patients with a pathology-proven fat-containing ovarian mass imaged with contrast-enhanced MRI (1.5T or 3T) from 2013 to 2022 were included.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Pelvic Pain in the Reproductive Age Group: 2023 Update.

This review focuses on the initial imaging in the reproductive age adult population with acute pelvic pain, including patients with positive and negative beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels with suspected gynecological and nongynecological etiology. For all patients, a combination of transabdominal and transvaginal pelvic ultrasound with Doppler is usually appropriate as an initial imaging study. If nongynecological etiology in patients with negative β-hCG is suspected, then CT of the abdomen and pelvis with or without contrast is also usually appropriate.

Reduced Intravenous Contrast Dose Portal Venous Phase Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Compared With Conventional Energy-Integrating Detector Portal Venous Phase Computed Tomography.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare portal venous phase photon-counting CT (PCCT) using 20 cc less than weight-based contrast dosing with energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT) using weight-based dosing by quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Methods: Fifty adult patients who underwent a reduced intravenous contrast dose portal venous phase PCCT from May 1, 2023, to August 10, 2023, and a prior portal-venous EID-CT with weight-based contrast dosing were retrospectively identified. Hounsfield units (HU) and noise (SD of HU) were obtained from region-of-interest measurements on 70-keV PCCT and EID-CT in 4 hepatic segments, the main and right portal vein, and both paraspinal muscles.

Imaging of Antepartum and Postpartum Hemorrhage.

Severe obstetric hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Major hemorrhage in the antepartum period presents potential risks for both the mother and the fetus. Similarly, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) accounts for up to a quarter of maternal deaths worldwide.

Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data Systems MR Imaging: Nuts and Bolts.

MR imaging plays a key role in the characterization of adnexal lesions of indeterminate malignant potential found at ultrasound. Recently, the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data Systems (O-RADS) MRI lexicon and scoring system was developed to aid in standardization of reporting and interpretation of adnexal lesions, allowing for risk stratification based on MR imaging findings. This in turn can help improve communication between radiologists and referring providers, and potentially aid the selection of optimal treatment options.

Peripheral vascular lesions in adults referred to MRI/MRA: Multivariable analysis of imaging features to help differentiate benign vascular anomalies from malignancies.

Purpose: Symptomatic peripheral vascular lesions in adults are often clinically diagnosed as benign vascular anomalies and may receive MRI/MRA for pre-treatment vascular mapping. Malignant neoplasms are difficult to distinguish from benign vascular anomalies on MRI/MRA. This study was performed to determine if there are imaging signs that can distinguish malignancies from benign vascular anomalies in adults imaged with MRI/MRA.

Deep Learning Reconstruction Enables Highly Accelerated Biparametric MR Imaging of the Prostate.

Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) can be curative; however, prostate-specific antigen is a suboptimal screening test for clinically significant PCa. While prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has demonstrated value for the diagnosis of PCa, the acquisition time is too long for a first-line screening modality.

Purpose: To accelerate prostate MRI exams, utilizing a variational network (VN) for image reconstruction.

Imaging manifestations of immune-related adverse effects in checkpoint inhibitor therapies: A primer for the radiologist.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies directed against cellular pathways on T-cells to treat different types of malignancies. This new therapy can cause immune-related adverse events that can involve almost any organ system. This article will review clinical presentations, molecular mechanisms and imaging manifestations of adverse events caused by checkpoint inhibitors and also illustrate the pseudoprogression tumor response pattern.

Retrospective analysis of the effect of limited english proficiency on abdominal MRI image quality.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of English proficiency on abdominal MRI imaging quality.

Methods: Three equal-sized cohorts of patients undergoing 3T abdominal MRI were identified based on English proficiency as documented in the EMR: Primary language of English; English as a second language (ESL)/no translator needed; or ESL, translator needed (42 patients per cohort for total study size of 126 patients). Three radiologists independently used a 1-5 Likert scale to assess respiratory motion and image quality on turbo spin-echo T2WI and post-contrast T1WI.

Utility of an Automated Radiology-Pathology Feedback Tool.

Purpose: To determine the utility of an automated radiology-pathology feedback tool.

Methods: We previously developed a tool that automatically provides radiologists with pathology results related to imaging examinations they interpreted. The tool also allows radiologists to mark the results as concordant or discordant.

Imaging of Pancreatic and Duodenal Trauma.

Pancreatic and duodenal injuries are rare but life-threatening occurrences, often occurring in association with other solid organ injuries. Findings of pancreatic and duodenal trauma on computed tomography and MR imaging are often nonspecific, and high levels of clinical suspicion and understanding of mechanism of injury are imperative. Familiarity with the grading schemes of pancreatic and duodenal injury is important because they help in assessing for key imaging findings that directly influence management.

Diagnostic imaging of benign and malignant osseous tumors of the fingers.

Primary lesions of the tubular bones of the digits are not uncommon, and the vast majority of these lesions are benign. Benign intramedullary lesions such as enchondromas are frequently discovered incidentally, unless they are associated with a pathologic fracture. Expansile lesions or lesions that are pedunculated and protrude from the cortex may manifest with pain and functional deficits from local inflammatory reactions.

Biliary imaging: multimodality approach to imaging of biliary injuries and their complications.

Although traumatic and iatrogenic bile leaks are rare, they have become more prevalent in recent years due to an increased propensity toward nonsurgical management of patients with liver trauma and an overall increase in the number of hepatobiliary surgeries being performed. Because clinical signs and symptoms of bile leaks are nonspecific and delay in the recognition of bile leaks is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, imaging is crucial for establishing an early diagnosis and guiding the treatment algorithm. At computed tomography or ultrasonography, free or contained peri- or intrahepatic low-attenuation (low-density) fluid in the setting of recent trauma or hepatobiliary surgery should raise suspicion for a bile leak.

Clinical significance of lung nodules reported on abdominal CT.

Objective: The objective of our study was to identify the significance of lung nodules reported on abdominal CT.

Materials And Methods: Abdominal CT reports from a 1-year period were reviewed for the terms "nodule," "nodular," or "mass" in reference to the lung bases. Patients with prior chest or abdominal CT examinations were excluded; the study population included patients with an initial abdominal CT study and at least one follow-up chest or abdominal CT examination.